俄諾瑪俄斯

俄諾瑪俄斯（希臘語：Οινόμαος）是古希臘神話中的比薩（英语：Pisa, Greece）王，^[1]那伊阿得斯哈珀娜（英语：Harpina）^[2]或普勒阿得斯斯忒洛珀^[3]（有時也被認為是俄諾瑪俄斯的配偶）^[4]和戰神阿瑞斯之子，希波達彌亞之父。除去斯忒洛珀的可能性之外，他的妻子也可能是阿爾戈斯的Evarete（阿克里西俄斯和歐律狄刻之女）。另外達那俄斯之女Eurythoe也被認為是他的母親^[5]或配偶。^[6]除去希波達彌亞，他的孩子還有留基伯（因愛戀達佛涅而死）和阿爾卡珀。鮑桑尼亞認為俄諾瑪俄斯的父親不可能是神而是人類。^[7]歐里庇得斯著作《在陶里斯的伊菲革涅亞》中的譜系證據顯示，俄諾瑪俄斯是特洛伊戰爭的前二代之人，是亞崔迪、阿伽門農和墨涅拉俄斯的祖父。

珀羅普斯與俄諾瑪俄斯之死

珀羅普斯想要娶俄諾瑪俄斯之女希波達彌亞為妻，但是俄諾瑪俄斯曾經得到一個預言：他將會被自己的女婿殺死，爲了阻止這一事情發生，他通過戰車賽殺死了13個來向希波達彌亞求婚的人，並將他們的頭顱釘在宮殿的木柱上。^[8]爲了娶到希波達彌亞，珀羅普斯決定與俄諾瑪俄斯比賽。爲了保證不失敗，珀羅普斯向波塞冬求助，後者交給他一輛飛馬拉的戰車。^[9]珀羅普斯和希波達彌亞換掉了俄諾瑪俄斯車輪上的車軸，因此俄諾瑪俄斯因翻車被韁繩纏住，而被馬拖死了。俄諾瑪俄斯的車夫彌爾提洛斯倖存，但最終為珀羅普斯所殺。

彌爾提洛斯死前對珀羅普斯下了詛咒，導致後者的許多後代如阿特柔斯、梯厄斯忒斯、阿伽門農、墨涅拉俄斯和俄瑞斯忒斯都不得善終。同時彌爾提洛斯位於奧林匹亞的墓地也被認為是一個不祥之處。俄諾瑪俄斯的戰車賽被認為是古代奧林匹克運動會的起源之一，并產生了一些厄利斯傳說。^[10]

參考資料

^ In the ancient territory of Pisa lay Olympia.
^ Theoi Project: Harpina （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
^ Hyginus, Fabula 84 ("Oenomaus, son of Mars and Asterope, daughter of Atlas"), Fabula 250 ("Oenomaus, son of Mars by Asterie, daughter of Atlas").
^ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 3. 110 - 111; Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 21; he was depicted on the pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia with Sterope, whom Pausanias also took for his wife: "On the right of Zeus Oinomaos with a helmet on his head, and by him Sterope his wife, who was one of the daughters of Atlas."
^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 752
^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, 157
^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 5. 1. 6
^ The story of Pelops' chariot race is told by Nestor to Menelaus, in Quintus Smyrnaeus's continuation of the Iliad (IV.527-34).
^ Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes 2.27.67 (noted in Karl Kerenyi, The Heroes of the Greeks, 1959:64).
^ Eric L. Brulotte, "The "Pillar of Oinomaos" and the Location of Stadium I at Olympia", American Journal of Archaeology 98.1 (January 1994), pp. 53-64,

參考書目

Pindar, Olympian Ode, I (476 BCE)
Sophocles, (1) Electra, 504 (430 - 415 BCE) & (2) Oenomaus, Fr. 433 (408 BCE)
Euripides, Orestes, 1024-1062 (408 BCE)
Bibliotheca, Epitome 2, 1-9 (140 BCE)
Diodorus Siculus, Histories, 4.73 (1st c. BCE)
Hyginus, Fables, 84: Oinomaus; Poetic Astronomy, ii (1st c. CE)
Pausanias, Description of Greece, 5.1.3 - 7; 5.13.1; 6.21.9; 8.14.10 - 11 (ca. 160 - 176 CE)
Philostratus the Elder Imagines, I.30: Pelops (170 - 245 CE)
Philostratus the Younger, Imagines, 9: Pelops (ca. 200 - 245 CE)
First Vatican Mythographer, 22: Myrtilus; Atreus et Thyestes
Second Vatican Mythographer, 146: Oenomaus

[1] In the ancient territory of Pisa lay Olympia.

[2] Theoi Project: Harpina （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

[3] Hyginus, Fabula 84 ("Oenomaus, son of Mars and Asterope, daughter of Atlas"), Fabula 250 ("Oenomaus, son of Mars by Asterie, daughter of Atlas").

[4] Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 3. 110 - 111; Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 21; he was depicted on the pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia with Sterope, whom Pausanias also took for his wife: "On the right of Zeus Oinomaos with a helmet on his head, and by him Sterope his wife, who was one of the daughters of Atlas."

[5] Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 752

[6] Tzetzes on Lycophron, 157

[7] Pausanias, Description of Greece, 5. 1. 6

[8] The story of Pelops' chariot race is told by Nestor to Menelaus, in Quintus Smyrnaeus's continuation of the Iliad (IV.527-34).

[9] Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes 2.27.67 (noted in Karl Kerenyi, The Heroes of the Greeks, 1959:64).

[10] Eric L. Brulotte, "The "Pillar of Oinomaos" and the Location of Stadium I at Olympia", American Journal of Archaeology 98.1 (January 1994), pp. 53-64,

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