唐冠螺科
唐冠螺科(學名:Cassidae)[1]:171,亦作冠螺科,是一個腹足綱軟體動物的科,其物種為中型到大型、甚至很大型的海螺[2]。舊屬中腹足目及異腹足目,今屬玉黍螺類支序鶉螺總科[2][3]。
唐冠螺科 | |
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Lateral view of a shell of Semicassis pyrum | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
纲: | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
演化支: | 直腹足類 Orthogastropoda |
演化支: | 後生腹足類 Apogastropoda |
亚纲: | 新进腹足亚纲 Caenogastropoda |
目: | 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha |
总科: | 鶉螺總科 Tonnoidea |
科: | 唐冠螺科 Cassidae |
屬與種 | |
本科現時有約60個物種,例如:万宝螺(Cypraecassis rufa)。
命名
若按唐冠螺屬的學名來命名,本科的學名應作「Cassididae」,但這樣就會跟另一種甲蟲分類龜金花蟲科 的學名Cassididae Stephens, 1831 (基於Cassida Linnaeus, 1758,金花蟲科物種,但現時已降格成為龜金花蟲亞科)相衝。所以ICZN根據Opinion 1023 (1974, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 127-129),接受了現時的學名,以避免重覆命名的出現[2]。
分佈
本科物種分佈於熱帶海域及溫帶的潮間帶,水深可達100米。日間會埋在海底的沙裡,到晚上才出來活動。
形態特徵
本物種螺殼的手性均為右旋。體型通常很大。螺厣長圓形,薄而且有尖刺,能完全覆蓋其長長的殼口。水管溝直或微彎。殼口外唇較厚,內裡有齒。
解剖
本科物種的外套膜很大,腹足大而且厚肉。頭部有可伸縮的長鼻,可協助捕食。眼睛在一對觸角的基部。
食性
本科物種以棘皮動物(特別是海膽)為食:冠螺科物種的頭部有長長的口器,連接兩個大大的長鼻腺,可分泌出一種含豐富硫酸的分泌液[4]。冠螺會先用其腹足夾緊海膽,然後再分泌酸液在其外殼融解出一個洞,再從這個洞伸進齒舌去刮食海膽的肉[4]。
分類
在布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年),作者依從Riedel (1995),唐冠螺科仍然被列作鶉螺科(Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825))之下的一個亞科(Cassinae Latreille, 1825)[3][5],直到Beu (2008)在他的著作《Revision of the deep-water Cassidae》才將本分類提升到科級層次[6][7]。
屬
本科包括下列各屬[2]:
- 唐冠螺亞科 Cassinae Latreille, 1825 == 卵螺亞科 Oocorythinae P. Fischer, 1885
- 鬘螺亞科 Phaliinae Beu, 1981
- Casmaria H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853
- Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
- 鬘螺属 Phalium Link, 1807 - bonnet shells
- Semicassis Mörch, 1852
異名
以下各屬被認為是異名:
- Bathygalea Woodring & Olsson, 1957: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
- Benthodolium Verrill & Smith [in Verrill], 1884: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
- Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
- Bezoardicella Habe, 1961: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
- Cassidaria Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
- Cassidea Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Cassis Scopoli, 1777
- Echinora Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
- Euspinacassis Finlay, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
- Hadroocorys Quinn, 1980: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
- Morio Montfort, 1810: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
- Taieria Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
- † Trachydolium Howe, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
- Xenogalea Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852
- Xenophalium Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852
圖庫
人類使用
Some helmet shells are carved into cameos, starting in Italy in 1820.
- The king helmet Cassis tuberosa was the first species to be made into cameos.
- The black helmet Cassis madagascariensis, also known as Cassis cameo, has a dark brown or a claret-coloured shell layer under a yellowish outer layer. This gives it an onyx appearance and makes it one of the most useful shells for cameos.
- The red helmet Cypraecassis rufa gives a sardonyx-like appearance because it has sard-coloured bands under its pale outer coating.
- The horned helmet Cassis cornuta produces a white figure on an orange background. It is also used as a trumpet by native Filipinos.
參考文獻
- ^ 賴景陽. 台灣貝類圖鑑. 貓頭鷹出版社. 2005-10. ISBN 986-7415-58-2 (中文(繁體)).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gofas, S. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. , 编. Cassidae. WoRMS. 2010 [2011-01-19] –通过WoRMS.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Hughes, RN; Hughes, HPI. Morphological and Behavioural Aspects of Feeding in the Cassidae (Tonnacea, Mesogastropoda). Malacologia. 1981, 20 (2): 385–402 [2017-08-13]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-29).
- ^ Riedel, F. An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology. 1995, 32 (4): 97–132 (英语).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Beu, Alan G. Recent Deep-water Cassidae of the World. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda) (PDF). Héros, V.; Cowie, R.H.; Bouchet, P. (编). Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Volume 25 196. 2008-12-02: 269–387 [2020-06-10]. ISBN 978-2-85653-614-8. (原始内容存档于2020-10-21) (英语).
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被忽略 (帮助) - ^ 7.0 7.1 Dance, S. Peter. 世界貝殼圖鑑 2nd. 2008.
- Abbott, R.T. (1968). The Helmet Shells of the World (Cassidae) Part 1. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 2(9): 7-201
- Kreipl K. 1997. Recent Cassidae. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 151 p
外部連結
- http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id402143/(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) accessed 8 January 2010
- Checklist of Mollusca
- ITIS
- Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. 2005. Offshore Shells of Southern Africa ISBN 0-620-33607-2
- http://www.gastropods.com/Taxon_pages/Family_CASSIDAE.shtml#CASSIDAECASSINAE(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/987895.htm[永久失效連結]