古网迹(学名:Paleodictyon)是一类六边形(少数有八边形)的网孔状遗迹化石[1]是地理分布最广泛、存续时间最长的遗迹类群之一,它们自寒武纪至现代均有发现,化石遍布七大洲,现存遗迹发现于太平洋大西洋[2][3][4][5]该遗迹属由Giuseppe Giovanni Antonio Meneghini英语Giuseppe Giovanni Antonio Meneghini首次描述于1850年,其造迹生物不明,但有若干种可能的假说。[1]

古网迹
化石时期:寒武纪至今
Paleodictyon imperfectum in Oligocene-Miocene sandrock
科学分类 编辑
遗迹属: 古网迹 Paleodictyon
Meneghini, 1850
模式種
Paleodictyon strozzii
Meneghini, 1850

古网迹最早发现于早寒武世[5]生活在浅海环境中,后于早奧陶世迁移至深海。[6]早期的古网迹相对简单,后来逐渐变得规则,垂直出口最早在白垩纪出现。[5]

造迹生物

古网迹最早被认为是藻类海绵珊瑚苔藓虫软体动物的遗迹,或认为其起源于鱼类的鳞片或两栖动物,也有学者认为它们与生物无关,而是因为泥裂或海水的波动及气泡等因素形成的,[1]但对现存遗迹的研究没有发现粪粒英语Stercomata介壳DNA等。[7]

分类

该遗迹属包含32个古遗迹种和2个现存遗迹种,另有若干物种未定的化石,[1]现存的两个分别是Paleodictyon nodosumP. tripatens[8]其中前者最早作为始新世的化石物种被描述,主要发现于太平洋大西洋大洋中脊系附近。[9]部分物种如下:[1]

  • 富平古网迹 Paleodictyon fupingensis Yang, 1986
  • 陕西古网迹 Paleodictyon shaanxiensis
  • 思陶儿兹古网迹 Paleodictyon strozzi Meneghini, 1850
  • 规则古网迹 Paleodictyon regulare (Sacco, 1888)
  • 微型古网迹 Paleodictyon miocenicum Sacco, 1888
  • 微小古网迹 Paleodictyon minimum Sacco, 1888
  • 阿里古网迹 Paleodictyon ngariensis Yang et Song, 1985
  • 大型古网迹 Paleodictyon majus Meneghini, 1850
  • 喀尔巴阡古网迹 Paleodictyon carpathicum Matyaovszky, 1977
  • 乌海古网迹 Paleodictyon (Megadictyon) wuhaiensis
  • 不完整古网迹 Paleodictyon (Megadictyon) imperfactum Seilacher, 1977
  • 拟不完全古网迹 Paleodictyon (Megadictyon) paraimperfactum Yang et Song, 1985
  • 赵老峪古网迹 Paleodictyon (Megadictyon) zhaolaoyuensis
  • Paleodictyon (Megadictyon) muelleri Kozur et al., 1996
  • Paleodictyon gomezi Azpeitia Moros, 1933
  • Paleodictyon italcum Vyalov et Golev, 1965
  • Paleodictyon tenue Koriba et. Miki, 1939

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 杨式溥; 张建平; 杨美芳. 中国遗迹化石. 科学出版社. 2004: 179–186. 
  2. ^ Swinbanks, D. D. Paleodictyon: the traces of infaunal xenophyophores?. Science. 1982, 218: 47–49. doi:10.1126/science.218.4567.47. 
  3. ^ Ksiazkiewicz, M. Crimes, T. P.; Harper, J. C. , 编. Observations on the ichnofauna of the Polish Carpathians. Trace Fossils, Geological Journal. 1970, (Special Issue 3): 283–322. 
  4. ^ Ekdale, A. A. Graphoglyptid burrows in modern deep-sea sediment. Science. 1980, 207: 304–306. doi:10.1126/science.207.4428.304. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Buatois, L.; Mangano, M.; Brussa, E.; Benedetto, J.; Pompei, J. The changing face of the deep: colonization of the Early Ordovician deep-sea floor, Puna, northwest Argentina. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2009, 280: 291–299. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.06.014. 
  6. ^ Durden, J. M.; Simon-Lledo, E.; Gooday, A. J.; Jones, D. O. Abundance and morphology of Paleodictyon nodosum, observed at the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. Marine biodiversity. 2017, 47: 265–269. 
  7. ^ Rona, Peter A.; Seilacher, Adolf; de Vargas, Colomban; Gooday, Andrew J.; Bernhard, Joan M.; Bowser, Sam; Vetriani, Costantino; Wirsen, Carl O.; Mullineaux, Lauren; Sherrell, Robert; Frederick Grassle, J. Paleodictyon nodosum: A living fossil on the deep-sea floor. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. September 2009, 56 (19–20): 1700–1712 [2023-09-01]. Bibcode:2009DSRII..56.1700R. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.015. (原始内容存档于2022-06-19) (英语). 
  8. ^ Miguez-Salas, O.; Rodríguez-Tovar, F.J.; Ekdale, A.A. Northernmost (Subarctic) and deepest record of Paleodictyon: paleoecological and biological implications. Sci Rep. 2023, 13: 7181. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34050-w. 
  9. ^ Rona, Peter; Seilacher, Adolf. Paleodictyon nodosum: A living fossil on the deep-sea floor. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 2009, 56 (19–20): 1700–1712. Bibcode:2009DSR....56.1700R. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.015.