图邦病毒

图邦病毒
病毒分類
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	多變 DNA 病毒域 Varidnaviria
界：	班福病毒界 Bamfordvirae
门：	核質病毒門 Nucleocytoviricota
纲：	巨病毒纲 Megaviricetes
目：	模拟病毒目 Imitervirales
科：	擬菌病毒科 (?) Mimiviridae
属：	圖邦病毒屬 Tupanvirus

图邦病毒（學名：Tupanvirus）是擬菌病毒科的一個屬，包括两种巨病毒（英语：giant virus）：深海图邦病毒（Tupanvirus deep ocean）和盐湖图邦病毒（Tupanvirus soda lake），皆以變形蟲為天然宿主，其名稱图邦（Tupan）一词来源于瓜拉尼语的Tupã（瓜拉尼神话中的创世主神、雷神）。图邦病毒是已知唯一一類具有20种胺基酸之氨醯-tRNA合成酶基因的病毒。^[1]^[2]^[3]

特色

图邦病毒的病毒体可达1.2微米长，其衣壳与拟菌病毒的大小和结构类似（约450纳米），此外图邦病毒体还具有一个长550纳米、直径450纳米的柱状尾部，与衣壳底部相连。由于尾部大小的差别，有的图邦病毒可达2.3微米。图邦病毒的基因组為長约1.5Mb的双链DNA，用于编码1276－1425种蛋白質，其基因组包含许多參與细胞生物反應的编码基因^[1]。

图邦病毒是已知病毒中，基因組裡具有最完整的轉译元件者，包括多達70種tRNA、20種氨醯-tRNA合成酶、11種轉譯所需的蛋白質、以及多種可修飾tRNA、mRNA與核糖體蛋白的酵素，還具有與18s核糖體RNA（英语：18S ribosomal RNA）高度相似的序列^[4]。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Garisto, Dan. These giant viruses have more protein-making gear than any known virus. 2018-02-27 [2020-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-01）.
^ Abrahão, Jônatas; Silva, Lorena; Silva, Ludmila Santos; Khalil, Jacques Yaacoub Bou; Rodrigues, Rodrigo; Arantes, Thalita; Assis, Felipe; Boratto, Paulo; Andrade, Miguel; Kroon, Erna Geessien; Ribeiro, Bergmann; Bergier, Ivan; Seligmann, Herve; Ghigo, Eric; Colson, Philippe; Levasseur, Anthony; Kroemer, Guido; Raoult, Didier; Scola, Bernard La. Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere. Nature Communications. 2018-02-27, 9 (1): 749. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..749A. PMC 5829246  . PMID 29487281. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03168-1.
^ Schulz, Frederik; Yutin, Natalya; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Ortega, Davi R.; Lee, Tae Kwon; Vierheilig, Julia; Daims, Holger; Horn, Matthias; Wagner, Michael; Jensen, Grant J.; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Koonin, Eugene V.; Woyke, Tanja. Giant viruses with an expanded complement of translation system components (PDF). Science. 2017-04-07, 356 (6333): 82–85 [2020-02-10]. Bibcode:2017Sci...356...82S. PMID 28386012. doi:10.1126/science.aal4657. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-24）.
^ Abrahão, Jônatas; Silva, Lorena; Silva, Ludmila Santos; Khalil, Jacques Yaacoub Bou; Rodrigues, Rodrigo; Arantes, Thalita; Assis, Felipe; Boratto, Paulo; Andrade, Miguel. Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere. Nature Communications. 2018-02-27, 9 (1): 1–12 [2020-02-10]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03168-1. （原始内容存档于2019-11-03）（英语）.

[Sci_mag-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Garisto, Dan. These giant viruses have more protein-making gear than any known virus. 2018-02-27 [2020-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-01）.

[2] Abrahão, Jônatas; Silva, Lorena; Silva, Ludmila Santos; Khalil, Jacques Yaacoub Bou; Rodrigues, Rodrigo; Arantes, Thalita; Assis, Felipe; Boratto, Paulo; Andrade, Miguel; Kroon, Erna Geessien; Ribeiro, Bergmann; Bergier, Ivan; Seligmann, Herve; Ghigo, Eric; Colson, Philippe; Levasseur, Anthony; Kroemer, Guido; Raoult, Didier; Scola, Bernard La. Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere. Nature Communications. 2018-02-27, 9 (1): 749. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..749A. PMC 5829246  . PMID 29487281. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03168-1.

[3] Schulz, Frederik; Yutin, Natalya; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Ortega, Davi R.; Lee, Tae Kwon; Vierheilig, Julia; Daims, Holger; Horn, Matthias; Wagner, Michael; Jensen, Grant J.; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Koonin, Eugene V.; Woyke, Tanja. Giant viruses with an expanded complement of translation system components (PDF). Science. 2017-04-07, 356 (6333): 82–85 [2020-02-10]. Bibcode:2017Sci...356...82S. PMID 28386012. doi:10.1126/science.aal4657. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-24）.

[4] Abrahão, Jônatas; Silva, Lorena; Silva, Ludmila Santos; Khalil, Jacques Yaacoub Bou; Rodrigues, Rodrigo; Arantes, Thalita; Assis, Felipe; Boratto, Paulo; Andrade, Miguel. Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere. Nature Communications. 2018-02-27, 9 (1): 1–12 [2020-02-10]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03168-1. （原始内容存档于2019-11-03）（英语）.

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