尖晶石族
尖晶石族(英語:Spinel group)是一类矿物的总称,具有通式AB2X4,为等轴晶系,X陰離子(通常是氧族元素,如氧和硫)为立方紧密堆积,A与B占晶格中的部分八面体和四面体空隙[1][2]。A、B可以是二价、三价或四价的阳离子,通常为镁、锌、铁、锰、铝、铬、钛和硅。尖晶石中的氧也可能被其他氧族元素所替代。
尖晶石超族成員及底下的子分類
尖晶石族成員包括:[3]
- 氧尖晶石族 (AB
2O
4)
- 硫尖晶石族 (AB
2S
4)
尖晶石結構
尖晶石族礦物的空間群可以是Fd3m(跟鑽石相同),但是在某些情況(如尖晶石本身,MgAl
2O
4,當溫度超過456.6K時[4])實際上會是四面體的F43m[5][6][7][8]。
通常尖晶石結構中氧離子的排列方式非常接近立方最密堆積,每個分子式單元有八個四面體和四個八面體位點(晶胞則為八倍)。其中四面體空隙比八面體空隙小,B離子佔據八面體空位的二分之一,而A離子佔據四面體空位的八分之一[9][10]。
延伸閱讀
- Biagoni, C.; Pasero, M. The systematics of the spinel-type minerals: An overview. American Mineralogist. 2014, 99 (7): 1254–1264. Bibcode:2014AmMin..99.1254B. S2CID 102231166. doi:10.2138/am.2014.4816.
- 尖晶石结构—Steven Dutch
- 尖晶石结构(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
參考文獻
- ^ Robert J. Naumann: Introduction to the Physics and Chemistry of Materials (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) CRC Press, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4200-6134-5. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
- ^ H-J Meyer: Festkörperchemie (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) in: H-J Meyer (ed.), Riedel Moderne Anorganische Chemie, Walter de Gruyter, 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-024900-2. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
- ^ Spinel Supergroup at Mindat. [2023-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-30).
- ^ Zhang, Liang; Ji, Guang-Fu; Zhao, Feng; Meng, Chuan-Min; Wei, Dong-Qing. The first-principle studies of the crystal phase transitions: Fd3m-MgAl2O4→F4-3m-MgAl2O4. Physica B: Condensed Matter. February 2011, 406 (3): 335–338 [2023-09-22]. Bibcode:2011PhyB..406..335Z. doi:10.1016/j.physb.2010.10.054. (原始内容存档于2018-06-08) (英语).
- ^ Robert John Lancashire. Normal Spinels. CHEM2101 (C 21J) Inorganic Chemistry - Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes. University of the West Indies. [2023-09-22]. 原始内容存档于2023-08-08.
- ^ N. W. Grimes; et al. New Symmetry and Structure for Spinel. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. Apr 8, 1983, 386 (1791): 333–345. Bibcode:1983RSPSA.386..333G. JSTOR 2397417. S2CID 96560029. doi:10.1098/rspa.1983.0039.
- ^ L. Hwang; et al. On the space group of MgAl
2O
4 spinel. Philosophical Magazine. Jul 1973. doi:10.1080/14786437308217448. - ^ Assadi, M. Hussein N.; H., Katayama-Yoshida. Covalency a Pathway for Achieving High Magnetisation in TMFe2O4 Compounds. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 2019, 88 (4): 044706. Bibcode:2019JPSJ...88d4706A. S2CID 127456231. arXiv:2004.10948 . doi:10.7566/JPSJ.88.044706.
- ^ Sickafus, Kurt E.; Wills, John M.; Grimes, Norman W. Structure of Spinel. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2004-12-21, 82 (12): 3279–3292. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02241.x (英语).
- ^ 余樹禎. 晶體的結構與性質. 渤海堂文化事業有限公司. 1993. ISBN 9789579324069.