达罗毗荼语系

(重定向自德拉威语系

达罗毗荼pí tú语系Dravida,又称德拉维达语系)分布在印度南部的泰米尔纳德邦卡纳塔克邦安得拉邦喀拉拉邦,印度中部和東部的一些地區,以及巴基斯坦的一个小地区,包括75种语言,其中马拉雅拉姆语泰米尔语泰卢固语卡纳达语被认定為其所在印度邦的官方语言。泰米尔语也是斯里兰卡新加坡的官方语言。他們的語言在巴基斯坦信德省、伊朗俾路支斯坦阿富汗也找得到。以达罗毗語為母語者有兩億五千萬人。[1]

达罗毗荼语系
地理分佈南亚
谱系学分类世界上的主要语系之一
分支
语言代码
ISO 639-2 / 5dra

歷史

达罗毗語言普遍被認為是在印度-雅利安語系傳入印度次大陸前,印度次大陸上最廣泛使用的語言。一些學者認為达罗毗語是在公元前三千到四千年前,從伊朗高原傳入印度次大陸,但也有部分學者認為該語言起源於印度次大陸。[2]

达罗毗荼语言列表

达罗毗荼大多是印度国内使用的语言(下述有注明者除外)。

參考文獻

  • Robert Caldwell, A comparative grammar of the Dravidian, or, South-Indian family of languages, London: Harrison, 1856; Reprinted London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd., 1913; rev. ed. by J.L. Wyatt and T. Ramakrishna Pillai, Madras, University of Madras, 1961, reprint Asian Educational Services, 1998. ISBN 978-81-206-0117-8
  • Campbell, A.D., A grammar of the Teloogoo language, commonly termed the Gentoo, peculiar to the Hindoos inhabiting the northeastern provinces of the Indian peninsula, 3d ed. Madras, Printed at the Hindu Press, 1849.
  • Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, The Dravidian Languages, Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-77111-5
  • Subrahmanyam, P.S., Dravidian Comparative Phonology, Annamalai University, 1983.
  • Zvelebil, Kamil., Dravidian Linguistics: An Introduction", PILC (Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture), 1990
  • Zvelebil, Kamil., Tamil Literature, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1975, ISBN 978-90-04-04190-5
  • Kuiper, F.B.J., Aryans in the Rig Veda, Rodopi, 1991, ISBN 978-90-5183-307-2 (CIP)
  • Witzel, Michael, Early Sources for South Asian Substrate Languages.Boston页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆, "Mother Tongue", extra number 1999
  • Trask, Robert Lawrence. The Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Routledge. 2000. ISBN 1579582184. 

附註

  1. ^ Overview of Dravidian languages. Encyclopædia Britannica. [4 July 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-13). 
  2. ^ Tamil Literature Society, Tamil Culture 10, Academy of Tamil Culture, 1963 [2008-11-25], (原始内容存档于2022-06-09), ... together with the evidence of archaeology would seem to suggest that the original Dravidian-speakers entered India from Iran in the fourth millennium BC ... 

外部連結