无教派穆斯林
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无教派穆斯林[1]是指不属于一个明确伊斯兰教派的穆斯林。[2]无教派穆斯林可以指向《古兰经》仪姆兰的家属第103节来捍卫这一立场，即要求穆斯林保持团结不要分离。[3]在各种调查中，当问及其属于哪个教派时，这些穆斯林通常会自我认定为“只是一个穆斯林”。[4][5]在获得明确的解释之前，这些穆斯林会自己对教义（包括经文和圣训）进行推理判断或考虑大多数伊斯兰学者的意见。在英语中，这种意识形态的穆斯林还有一个Just Muslim的称呼。[6][7][8][9][10]
概述
人口统计
在至少22个国家中至少五分之一的穆斯林为无教派穆斯林。根据皮尤研究中心的宗教信仰与公共生活项目，有着最多无教派穆斯林人口的国家是哈萨克斯坦，占比达到74%。报告还指出，在9个国家的穆斯林人口中，无教派穆斯林占多数（在另外3个国家占相对多数）：阿尔巴尼亚共和國 (65%)、吉尔吉斯共和國 (64%)、科索沃共和國 (58%)、印度尼西亚共和國 (56%)、馬利共和國 (55%)、波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納 (54%)、乌兹别克斯坦共和國 (54%)、亞塞拜然共和國 (45%)、俄罗斯聯邦 (45%)和奈及利亞聯邦共和國 (42%)。其它占比较高的国家是：喀麥隆共和國 (40%), 突尼西亞共和國（40％），幾內亞比索共和國（36％），烏干達共和國（33％），摩洛哥王國（30％），塞内加尔共和國（27％），查德共和國（23％），衣索比亞聯邦民主共和國（23％），賴比瑞亞共和國（22％），尼日共和國（20％）和坦尚尼亞聯合共和國（20％）。[4]不过，这些数字可能会产生误导，应采取谨慎态度，因为其中大部分国家都有一个占主导地位的伊斯兰教派，如逊尼派和什叶派，还有一些缺乏竞争力的教派。这些国家的大部分穆斯林选择只认同自己是穆斯林，而不是自称属于一个特定的教派。
代表人物
参见
参考资料
- ^ Ngaima, Samuel. Factors to the Liberian National Conflict: Views of the Liberian Expatriates. 2014: 17.
- ^ Benakis, Theodoros. Islamophoobia in Europe!. New Europe (Brussels). 13 January 2014 [20 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-31）.
... the non-denominational Muslims – those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.
- ^ Intra-Societal Tension and National Integration, p 119, A. Jamil Qadri - 1988
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation. The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. August 9, 2012 [4 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-26）.
- ^ Burns, Robert. Christianity, Islam, and the West. : 55 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-16）.
40 per cent called themselves "just a Muslim" according to the Council of American-Islamic relations
- ^ Mustapha, Abdul. Sects & Social Disorder. 2014: 5 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-19）.
of Muslims identified themselves as Sunni, 12 per cent as Shi'a, 3 per cent as Ahmadiyya but 44 per cent as 'just Muslim' (Pew Forum, 2010)
- ^ Muttitt, Greg. Fuel on the Fire: Oil and Politics in Occupied Iraq. 2012: 79 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-16）.
A January 2004 survey by the Iraq Centre for Research and Strategic Studies, for instance, asked people which description suited them best Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim or just Muslim'.
- ^ Boulting, Ned. On the Road Bike: The Search For a Nation’s Cycling Soul. : 155.
What is your religion, asked a UN official. Muslim. Are you Shi'a or Sunni. Just Muslim
- ^ Tatari, Eren. Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets. 2014: 111 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-29）.
Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi
- ^ Lopez, Ralph. Truth in the Age of Bushism. 2008: 65 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-03）.
Many Iraqis take offense at reporters' efforts to identify them as Sunni or Shiite. A 2004 Iraq Centre for Research and Strategic Studies poll found the largest category of Iraqis classified themselves as "just Muslim."
- ^ Cughtai, Muhammad Ikram. Jamāl Al-Dīn Al-Afghāni: An Apostle of Islamic Resurgence. 2005: 454.
Condemning the historically prevailing trend of blindly imitating religious leaders, al- Afghani revised to identity himself with a specific sect or imam by insisting that he was just a Muslim and a scholar with his own interpretation of Islam.