楔形烷
化合物
楔形烷(英語:Cuneane)是一种饱和的环烷烃,化學式為C8H8。其英文名由拉丁文“cuneus”衍生,意為“楔子”。[1]
楔形烷 | |
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IUPAC名 Pentacyclo[3.3.0.0 2,4.03,7.06,8]octane 五环[3.3.0.0 2,4.03,7.06,8]辛烷 | |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 20656-23-9 |
PubChem | 140734 54749138(2R,4R,6R,8R) 11194301(2S,4S,6S,8S) |
ChemSpider | 124127 |
SMILES |
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性质 | |
化学式 | C8H8 |
摩尔质量 | 104.06 g·mol⁻¹ |
密度 | 1.578 g/ml |
熔点 | -22.19°C |
沸点 | 137.895°C |
危险性 | |
闪点 | 7.646°C |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
制备
楔形烷可以由立方烷经由金属离子催化的σ迁移反应来制备[4][5],如Ag+与Pd2+均可催化此反应;直接加热亦可[2]。 该反应是一个放热反应[6],因为楔形烷的张力能比立方烷小[2]。 同样的反应也发生在高立方烷(C9H10)以及双高立方烷(C10H10)上。[7][8]
几何特性
在楔形烷中存在着三组化学环境相同的碳原子(下图中的A,B,C),这也已经被NMR方法所证实[9] 。化学环境相同的氢原子也有三组[2]。楔形烷的碳骨架的分子图是一个正则图,并具有三组不等效的顶点。因此它也是数学化学中重要的测试不同算法的测试物。[10][11]
类似的几何结构还出现在其他化合物中。如[Ni8(L14Naph)12](BF4)16这一配合物中,阳离子中的8个镍原子的相对位置就与楔形烷中碳原子的空间位置相同。[12]
参见
参考资料
- ^ R. Criegee, R. Askani. Octamethylsemibullvalene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 1968, 7 (7): 537. doi:10.1002/anie.196805371.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 薛价猷. (CH)n多面体烷的合成与结构. 化学通报. 1985, (2): 31-39.
- ^ Bényei, Gyula; Jalsovszky, István; Demus, Dietrich; Prasad, Krishna; Rao, Shankar; Vajda, Anikó; Jákli, Antal; Fodor‐Csorba, Katalin. First liquid crystalline cuneane‐caged derivatives: a structure-property relationship study. Liquid Crystals. 2006, 33 (6): 689–696. doi:10.1080/02678290600722940.
- ^ Michael B. Smith, Jerry March. March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry 5th. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001: 1459. ISBN 0-471-58589-0.
- ^ Philip E. Eaton, Luigi Cassar, Jack Halpern. Silver(I)- and palladium(II)-catalyzed isomerizations of cubane. Synthesis and characterization of cuneane. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1970, 92 (21): 6366–6368. doi:10.1021/ja00724a061.
- ^ Maria Victoria Roux,Juan Z. Da´valos. Cubane, Cuneane, and Their Carboxylates: A Calorimetric Crystallographic, Calculational, and Conceptual Coinvestigation. J. Org. Chem. 2005. doi:10.1021/jo00408a041.
- ^ Leo A. Paquette and John C. Stowell. Silver ion catalyzed rearrangements of strained .sigma. bonds. Application to the homocubyl and 1,1'-bishomocubyl systems. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1970, 92 (8): 2584–2586. doi:10.1021/ja00711a082.
- ^ W. G. Dauben, M. G. Buzzolini, C. H. Schallhorn, D. L. Whalen, K. J. Palmer. Thermal and silver ion catalyzed isomerization of the 1,1′-bishomocubane system: preparation of a new C10H10isomer. Tetrahedron Letters. 1970, 11 (10): 787–790. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)97830-X.
- ^ H. Guenther and W. Herrig. Anwendungen der 13C-Resonanz-Spektroskopie, X. 13C,13C-Kopplungskonstanten in Methylencycloalkanen. Chemische Berichte. 1973, 106 (12): 3938–3950. doi:10.1002/cber.19731061217.
- ^ M.I. Trofimov, E.A. Smolenskii. Electronegativity of atoms of ring-containing molecules—NMR spectroscopy data correlations: a description within the framework of topological index approach. Russian Chemical Bulletin. 2000, 49 (3): 402. doi:10.1007/BF02494766.
- ^ M.I. Trofimov, E.A. Smolenskii. Application of the electronegativity indices of organic molecules to tasks of chemical informatics. Russian Chemical Bulletin. 2005, 54 (9): 2235. doi:10.1007/s11172-006-0105-6.
- ^ Stephenson, Andrew; Michael D. Ward. An octanuclear coordination cage with a ‘cuneane’ core—a topological isomer of a cubic cage. Dalton Transactions. 2011, (40). doi:10.1039/C0DT01767A.
外部链接
- 2D and 3D Models of Dodecahedrane and Cuneane Assemblies Link