溢流式喷发

溢流式喷发effusive eruption)是一种火山喷发的形式,一般由玄武岩浆等流动性高、黏性低的岩浆产生[1]。与岩浆直接快速喷出的爆裂式喷发英语explosive eruption不同,溢流式喷发中熔岩缓慢、稳定地从火山口流出[2]。溢流式喷发形成的火山锥低矮,溢出的岩浆覆盖面广、会形成熔岩台地[1][3]

一场发生在1984年的溢流式喷发

玄武岩喷发是最常见的溢流式喷发形式[4][5]元素含量较高的流纹岩喷发虽然一般会产生爆裂式喷发,但也可以形成流溢式喷发[6]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 潘國樑. 應用地質學. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 1 June 2016: 345. ISBN 978-957-11-8382-4. 
  2. ^ Eruption Styles. volcano.oregonstate.edu. [2018-04-25]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-26) (英语). 
  3. ^ Program, Volcano Hazards. USGS: Volcano Hazards Program Glossary - Effusive eruption. volcanoes.usgs.gov. [2018-04-25]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-26). 
  4. ^ Effusive Volcanoes. gwentprepared.org.uk. [2018-04-25]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-18) (英语). 
  5. ^ Camp, Vic. How Volcanoes Work - Basaltic Lava. Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University. [28 October 2014]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-08). 
  6. ^ Platz, Thomas; Cronin, Shane J.; Cashman, Katharine V.; Stewart, Robert B.; Smith, Ian E.M. Transition from effusive to explosive phases in andesite eruptions — A case-study from the AD1655 eruption of Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. March 2007, 161 (1–2): 15–34. ISSN 0377-0273. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.11.005.