琉璃蟻亞科
琉璃蟻亞科(Dolichoderinae)隸屬於蟻科,其物種包含阿根廷蟻(Argentine ant "Linepithema humile")、erratic ant、odorous house ant 及 cone ant 等,該亞科物種多樣性高,廣布全世界,分布於各個不同的生物地理區,如古北區、新北區、衣索比亞區、馬來西亞、中東、澳洲及新熱帶區等[2]。
琉璃蟻亞科![]() | |
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Iridomyrmex purpureus 取食蜂蜜' | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
目: | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
科: | 蟻科 Formicidae |
亚科: | 琉璃蟻亞科 Dolichoderinae |
模式属 | |
Dolichoderus Lund, 1831
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多样性[1] | |
48屬 |
該亞科特徵有:腹柄節單節、腹部末端裂縫狀的孔,可分泌化學物質,不同於山蟻亞科圓形且生有環狀毛列的酸孔。琉璃蟻亞科不像針蟻亞科或家蟻亞科一樣具有螫針,他們依靠腹部末端的腺體分泌化學物質禦敵[3]。
琉璃蟻亞科分泌的化學物質中包含多種萜類化合物,如iridomyrmecin、isoiridomyrmecin 及 iridodial[4]。琉璃蟻亞科的物種被壓碎或是被騷擾時發出的氣味就是來自於上述的化學物質。
族與屬
- 點琉璃蟻族 Bothriomyrmecini Dubovikov, 2005
- Arnoldius Dubovikov, 2005
- 點琉璃蟻屬 Bothriomyrmex Emery, 1869
- Chronoxenus Santschi, 1919
- Loweriella Shattuck, 1992
- Ravavy Fisher, 2009
- 琉璃蟻族 Dolichoderini Forel, 1878
- 琉璃蟻屬 Dolichoderus Lund, 1831
- Leptomyrmecini Emery, 1913
- Anillidris Santschi, 1936
- Anonychomyrma Donisthorpe, 1947
- Azteca Forel, 1878
- †Chronomyrmex McKellar, Glasier & Engel, 2013
- Doleromyrma Forel, 1907
- Dorymyrmex Mayr, 1866
- Forelius Emery, 1888
- Froggattella Forel, 1902
- Gracilidris Wild & Cuezzo, 2006
- 虹琉璃蟻屬 Iridomyrmex Mayr, 1862
- Leptomyrmex Mayr, 1862
- Linepithema Mayr, 1866
- Nebothriomyrmex Dubovikov, 2004
- 管琉璃蟻屬 Ochetellus Shattuck, 1992
- Papyrius Shattuck, 1992
- Philidris Shattuck, 1992
- Turneria Forel, 1895
- †Usomyrma Dlussky, Radchenko & Dubovikoff, 2014
- 慌琉璃蟻族 Tapinomini Emery, 1913
- Aptinoma Fisher, 2009
- Axinidris Weber, 1941
- †Ctenobethylus Brues, 1939
- Ecphorella Forel, 1909
- Liometopum Mayr, 1861
- 慌琉璃蟻屬 Tapinoma Förster, 1850
- 扁琉璃蟻屬 Technomyrmex Mayr, 1872
- 地位未定 incertae sedis
- †Alloiomma Zhang, 1989
- †Asymphylomyrmex Wheeler, 1915
- †Elaeomyrmex Carpenter, 1930
- †Elaphrodites Zhang, 1989
- †Eldermyrmex Heterick & Shattuck, 2011
- †Emplastus Donisthorpe, 1920
- †Eotapinoma Dlussky, 1988
- †Eurymyrmex Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
- †Kotshkorkia Dlussky, 1981
- †Ktunaxia Lapolla & Greenwalt, 2015
- †Leptomyrmula Emery, 1913
- †Miomyrmex Carpenter, 1930
- †Petraeomyrmex Carpenter, 1930
- †Proiridomyrmex Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003
- †Protazteca Carpenter, 1930
- †Yantaromyrmex Dlussky & Dubovikoff, 2013
- †Zherichinius Dlussky, 1988
延伸閱讀
參考文獻
- ^ Bolton, B. Dolichoderinae. AntCat. 2015 [4 January 2015].
- ^ Cardoso, D.; Cristiano, M. P.; Barros, L. S.; Lopes, D.; Pompolo, S. First cytogenetic characterization of a species of the arboreal ant genus Azteca Forel, 1978 (Dolichoderinae, Formicidae). Comparative Cytogenetics. 2012, 6 (2): 107. doi:10.3897/CompCytogen.v6i2.2397.
- ^ Fisher, Brian L. and Stefan P. Cover (2007) Ants of North America: a guide to the genera
- ^ Wilson, E. O.; Pavan, M. Glandular Sources and Specificity of Some Chemical Releasers of Social Behavior in Dolichoderine Ants. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 1959, 66 (4): 70. doi:10.1155/1959/45675.