石油圈閉
石油圈閉(英語:petroleum traps),或稱為油封閉[1],是具备捕获分散烃类形成油气聚集的地層空间,由储集层、盖层、阻止油气继续运移的遮挡物組成,一旦有足够数量的油气进入圈闭便可形成油气藏。圈閉有兩種類型:地層圈閉或構造圈閉。構造圈閉是最重要的圈閉類型[2]。
种类
構造圈閉
是一種由構造、底闢、重力和壓實過程導致的地下構造 [3][4]。
- 斷層圈閉:是由可滲透和不可滲透的岩石層隔著斷層面錯開形成的。斷層可使具滲透性的儲層岩與不可滲透的岩石隔斷層面相鄰,從而阻止了碳氫化合物的進一步遷移。若沿著斷層表面,斷層面因摩擦而產生有一層不透水物質(例如粘土),也能阻止碳氫化合物的遷移。 這被稱為粘土塗片(英語:clay smear)[6]。
地層圈閉
是因爲傾斜儲層的尖滅而造成的圈閉。通常與不整合面相連[7]。
混合圈閉
是多種類型圈閉的組合[9]。
參考文獻
- ^ 油封閉. [2022-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-30).
- ^ Allen P.A. & Allen J.R. (1990) Basin Analysis. pp 373. Publ. Blackwell Publishing ^"Petroleum Research Institution"
- ^ Gluyas, J. & Swarbrick, R. (2004) Petroleum Geoscience. Publ. Blackwell Publishing
- ^ James D. Lowell(1979) Structural Styles, Their Plate-Tectonic Habitats, and Hydrocarbon Traps in Petroleum Provinces。AAPG Bulletin 63 (7): 1016–1058. https://doi.org/10.1306/2F9184B4-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D
- ^ Sheriff, R. E., Geldart, L. P. (1995). Exploration Seismology (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 351. ISBN 0-521-46826-4
- ^ Derrell A. Smith Theoretical Considerations of Sealing and Non-Sealing Faults AAPG Bulletin (1966) 50 (2): 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1306/5D25B48F-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D
- ^ B. E. Law and J. B. Curtis Introduction to Unconventional Petroleum Systems, AAPG Bulletin (2002) 86 (11): 1851–1852. https://doi.org/10.1306/61EEDDA0-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D
- ^ Martin P. A. Jackson, William E. Galloway (1984)Petroleum Traps And Associated Facies Of Salt Domes, in Structural and Depositional Styles of Gulf Coast Tertiary Continental Margins: Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Special Volumes A159
- ^ C. D. Norman(2012) Assessing combination traps: using risk to define uncertainty First Break, Volume 30, Issue 3, Mar.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3997/1365-2397.2011043