血管疾病

血管疾病人体循环系统动脉静脉的一类血管疾病。血管疾病是心血管疾病的一个亚组。庞大的血管网络中的疾病会导致一系列健康问题,有时会变得严重。[1]

血管疾病
静脉和动脉
类型外周动脉疾病、肾动脉狭窄
診斷方法静脉造影,超声
治療戒烟,降低胆固醇
分类和外部资源
醫學專科血管學
ICD-9-CM430-458
Orphanet68362
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

类型

血管疾病可分為數種類型,症状因疾病类型而异。类型包括:[2]

发病机制

 
内皮排列在血管的内壁上

血管疾病是大、中肌肉动脉的一种病理状态,由内皮细胞功能障碍引发。[10]由于病原体等因素,氧化低密度脂蛋白颗粒和其他炎症刺激内皮细胞变得活跃。[11]该过程导致血管壁增厚,形成由增殖的平滑肌细胞巨噬细胞淋巴细胞组成的斑块。[12][13]斑块导致血流受限,减少到达某些器官的氧气和营养物质的量。[14]该斑块也可能破裂,导致凝块形成。[15]

诊断

由于血管疾病可引起多种症状,因此诊断血管疾病可能很复杂。回顾患者的家族史和进行体格检查是做出诊断的重要步骤。体检可能因疑似血管疾病的类型而异。例如,在外周血管疾病的情况下,体检包括检查患者腿部的血流[16][17]

治疗

 
外周血管疾病-溃疡

治疗因所治疗的血管疾病类型而异。在治疗肾动脉疾病方面,2014年的一项研究表明,球囊血管成形术可以改善舒张压,并可能减少抗高血压药物的需求。[18]对于四肢动脉疾病,预防并发症的治疗很重要; 未经治疗,可能会出现疮或坏疽(组织死亡)。

通常,血管疾病的治疗可能包括:[19]

  • 降低胆固醇水平
  • 降低血压
  • 降低血糖
  • 饮食变化
  • 增加体育锻炼
  • 减肥
  • 戒烟
  • 减压

参考文献

  1. ^ Vascular Diseases. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11) (美国英语). 
  2. ^ Hirsch, Alan T.; Haskal, Ziv J.; Hertzer, Norman R.; Bakal, Curtis W.; Creager, Mark A.; Halperin, Jonathan L.; Hiratzka, Loren F.; Murphy, William R. C.; Olin, Jeffrey W.; Puschett, Jules B.; Rosenfield, Kenneth A. ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): executive summary a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease) endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006-03-21, 47 (6) [2022-07-08]. ISSN 1558-3597. PMID 16545667. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.009. (原始内容存档于2022-07-12). 
  3. ^ Erythromelalgia. National Health Service. 2017-10-18 [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-12) (英国英语). 
  4. ^ Peripheral Arterial Disease. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-08) (美国英语). 
  5. ^ Renal Artery Stenosis. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-29) (美国英语). 
  6. ^ Thromboangiitis obliterans: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-27) (美国英语). 
  7. ^ Raynaud's Disease. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-08) (美国英语). 
  8. ^ Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. medlineplus.gov. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-08) (英语). 
  9. ^ Stroke. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2017-10-24 [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-11) (美国英语). 
  10. ^ Rajendran, Peramaiyan; Rengarajan, Thamaraiselvan; Thangavel, Jayakumar; Nishigaki, Yutaka; Sakthisekaran, Dhanapal; Sethi, Gautam; Nishigaki, Ikuo. The vascular endothelium and human diseases. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2013, 9 (10) [2022-07-08]. ISSN 1449-2288. PMC 3831119 . PMID 24250251. doi:10.7150/ijbs.7502. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11). 
  11. ^ Bikfalvi, Andreas. Encyclopedic reference of vascular biology & pathology. Berlin: Springer. 2000. ISBN 978-3-642-57063-6. OCLC 606429154. 
  12. ^ Rubin, Emanuel; Damjanov, Ivan. Pathology reviews. 1989. Clifton, New Jersey. 1989. ISBN 978-1-4612-4502-5. OCLC 889428595. 
  13. ^ Gunstone, F. D.; Harwood, John L.; Dijkstra, Albert J. The Lipid Handbook with CD-ROM Third. Boca Raton, FL. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4200-0967-5. OCLC 327018169. 
  14. ^ Pinna, Kathryn; Whitney, Eleanor Noss. Understanding normal and clinical nutrition 9th. Australia: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. 2012. ISBN 978-0-8400-6845-3. OCLC 754909676. 
  15. ^ Ząbczyk, Michał; Natorska, Joanna; Undas, Anetta. Fibrin Clot Properties in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Outcomes. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021-07-05, 10 (13) [2022-07-08]. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 8268932 . PMID 34279484. doi:10.3390/jcm10132999. (原始内容存档于2022-07-14). 
  16. ^ Peripheral Artery Disease - Diagnosis. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. [2022-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-09) (美国英语). 
  17. ^ Andras, Alina; Ferket, Bart. Screening for peripheral arterial disease. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014-04-07, (4). ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 24711093. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010835.pub2. 
  18. ^ Jenks, Sara; Yeoh, Su Ern; Conway, Bryan R. Balloon angioplasty, with and without stenting, versus medical therapy for hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014, (12). ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 7138037 . PMID 25478936. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002944.pub2. 
  19. ^ Peripheral Artery Disease - Treatment. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. [2022-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-09) (美国英语). 

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