拟钉螺属

拟钉螺属
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
科：	盖螺科 Pomatiopsidae
亚科：	拟钉螺亚科 Triculinae
族：	拟钉螺族 Triculuni
属：	拟钉螺属 Tricula; Benson, 1843
異名
	Hypsobia Heude, 1890;

拟钉螺属（學名：Tricula）是一個淡水螺的屬，其物種皆有鰓及螺厣，是一個蓋螺科的淡水生腹足纲软体动物的分類單元，也是拟钉螺亚科拟钉螺族的模式屬^[1]^:299^[3]^[4]。舊屬觿螺科^[1]^:299，現時隨同整個亞科歸屬蓋螺科。

型態描述

本屬物種體型細小，殼高常在8毫米以下，屬於一種淡水生的微小貝^[1]^:299。

分佈

本屬物種為東洋界種類^[5]，分佈於印度^[5]，缅甸、泰国、菲律宾^[5]等東南亞各國^[1]^[6]^[7]，日本、台灣海峽及中国^[1]^:299^[5]^:871；而在中國有分佈的17種本屬物種^[5]多見於中國南部及西南多省^[1]^:299，計有：浙江、福建、廣東、廣西、江西、湖南、湖北、四川、貴州和雲南^[1]^:299^[5]^:871，但河南、陕西、山西及甘肃等省亦見其分佈^[5]^:871。這些物種還已被证明是斯氏並殖吸蟲的第一中間宿主^[5]^:871^[8]。

本屬是由Benson於1843年根據採自喜马拉雅山旁阿萨姆地區（Assam，不一定是今日的阿薩姆邦）的标本创立的新属，模式种为山拟钉螺（Tricula montana Benson, 1843）^[1]^:299^[9]^:486^[2]，但很多發現都在中國湖北医学院的寄生蟲學家康在彬於中國境內發現三個物種之後才陸續被發現^[1]^[9]^:436^[6]。

物種

拟钉螺属包括以下各物種：

Tricula bambooensis ^[10]
Tricula bollingi Davis, 1968^[6]^[10]^[11]^:135
Tricula chiui ^[12]
福建拟钉螺 Tricula fujianensis (Liu et al., 1983)^[6]^[5]
Tricula godawariensis Nesemann & Sharma, 2007^[13]
Tricula gravelyi B. Prashad, 1921
格雷氏拟钉螺 Tricula gregoriana Annandale, 1924：採自中國雲南省瀾滄江上游^[1]^:299^[14]
Tricula hongshanensis Tang et al., 1986^[6]
Tricula horae T. N. Annandale & Rao, 1925
Tricula hortensis Attwood & Brown, 2003^[15]^[16]^[6]^[10]
向氏拟钉螺 Tricula hsiangi Kang, 1984^[1]^:302^[6]
华安拟钉螺 Tricula huaanensis Cheng et al, 2009^[5]
蝴蝶泉拟钉螺 Tricula hudiequanensis
泥泞拟钉螺 Tricula humida (Heude, 1890)^[1]^:299^[14]
建瓯拟钉螺 Tricula jianouensis Cheng et al, 2009^[17]^[5]
Tricula ludongbini ^[10]
Tricula mahadevensis Nesemann & Sharma, 2007^[18]
馬丁氏拟钉螺 Tricula martini Rao, 1928^[19]^[1]^:303^[20]
山拟钉螺 Tricula montana Benson, 1843：模式種，採集自喜马拉雅山西边阿萨姆地區^[9]^:436^[1]^:299。
秉氏拟钉螺 Tricula pingi Kang, 1984^[1]^:300^[6]
泰勒氏拟钉螺 Tricula taylori Rao, 1928^[21]^[1]^:303^[20]
屯堡拟钉螺 Tricula tunbaoensis Kang, 1984^[1]^:303^[6]
武鳴拟钉螺 Tricula wumingensis Hu et al., 1994^[6]
小龙门拟钉螺 Tricula xiaolongmenensis ^[10]

異名：

Tricula aperta ^[11]^:94：今作Neotricula aperta

寄生蟲

部分本屬物種是斯氏并殖吸虫的第一中间宿主^[1]^:301-2^[22]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 康在彬. 湖北拟钉螺属三新种. 《海洋与湖沼》. 1984, 15 (4): 299–309 [2018-06-25]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-23）（中文（简体）及英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Benson, Esq., W. H. Description of Camptoceras, a new genus of Lymnaeadae, allied to Ancylus, and of Tricula, a new type of form allied to Melania. Calcutta J. nat. Hist.. 1843-01, 3 (12): 466 [2018-12-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-20）（英语）.
^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
^ Davis, G. M.; Kang, Z.-B. The genus Wuconchona of China (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae: Triculinae): anatomy, systematics, cladistics, and transmission of Schistosoma. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1990, 142: 119–142.
JSTOR 4064974
（英语）.
^ ^5.00 ^5.01 ^5.02 ^5.03 ^5.04 ^5.05 ^5.06 ^5.07 ^5.08 ^5.09 ^5.10 程由注; 吴小平; 李莉莎. 中国拟钉螺属两新种记述(中腹足目,盖口螺科). 《动物分类学报》. 2010-10, 35 (4): 871－875 [2022-12-19]. ISSN 1000-0739. （原始内容存档于2022-12-19）（中文（简体））.
^ ^6.00 ^6.01 ^6.02 ^6.03 ^6.04 ^6.05 ^6.06 ^6.07 ^6.08 ^6.09 Kameda, Y.; Kato, M. Terrestrial invasion of pomatiopsid gastropods in the heavy-snow region of the Japanese Archipelago. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2011, 11: 118. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-118 （英语）.
^ 引用错误：没有为名为Chiu 1965的参考文献提供内容
^ 引用错误：没有为名为劉月英等1984的参考文献提供内容
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Davis, G. M.; Subba Rao, N. V.; Hoagland, K. E. In Search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula Defined, and a New Genus Described. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia（英语：Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia）. 1986, 138 (2): 426–442 [2018-06-25]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05）（英语）.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 Attwood, S. W.; Upatham, E. S.; Zhang, Y.-P.; Yang, Z.-Q.; Southgate, V. R. A DNA-sequence based phylogeny for triculine snails (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae: Triculinae), intermediate hosts for Schistosoma (Trematoda: Digenea): phylogeography and the origin of Neotricula. Journal of Zoology. 2004, 262 (1): 47–56. doi:10.1017/S0952836903004424 （英语）.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Attwood, S.W. John R. Baker; Ralph Muller; David Rollinson , 编. Schistosomiasis in the Mekong Region: Epidemiology and Phylogeography. Advances in Parasitology (Academic Press). 2001-12-03, 50: 87–144 [2019-04-29]. ISBN 0120317508. （原始内容存档于2020-09-12）（英语）.
^ Chiu, Jui-Kuang. Tricula chiui: A New Snail Host for Formosan Strain of Schistosoma japonicum. The Journal of Parasitology (Allen Press on behalf of American Society of Parasitologists). 1965-04, 51 (No.2, Section 1 (Apr., 1965)): 206 [2022-120]. doi:10.2307/3276082. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
^ Budha P. B. & Daniel B. A. (2010). Tricula godawariensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2011.
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 Annandale, N. The molluscan hosts of the human blood fluke in China and Japan, and species liable to be confused with them. Am. J. Hyg., Monogr.. 1924,. Ser. 3: 269–294 （英语）.
^ Attwood S. W., Brown D. S., Meng X. H. & Southgate V. R. (2003). "A new species of Tricula (Pomatiopsidae: Triculinae) from Sichuan Province, PR China: intermediate host of Schistosoma sinensium". Systematics and Biodiversity 1: 109-116.
^ Zhao Q. P., Zhang S. H., Deng Z. R., Jiang M. S. & Nie P. (2010). "Conservation and variation in mitochondrial genomes of gastropods Oncomelania hupensis and Tricula hortensis, intermediate host snails of Schistosoma in China". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57(1): 215-226. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.026.
^ Cheng, You-Zhu; Wu, Xiao-Ping; Li, Li-Sha; Lin, Chen-Xin; Dian-Wei, Jiang. A New Species of Tricula as the First Intermetiate Host of Paragonimus skriabini (Mesogastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) from China. Marine Sciences. 2009-10-09, 33 (10): 97–99 [2018-06-22]. ISSN 1000-3096. （原始内容存档于2018-06-22）（中文（简体））.
^ Budha P. B. (2010). Tricula mahadevensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2011.
^ Budha P. B. (2010). Tricula martini. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2011.
^ ^20.0 ^20.1 Rao, H. S. Aquatic and amphibious Mollusca of the Northern Shan States, Burma.. Rec. Ind. Mus.. 1928, 30: 399–468, 3 pls. （英语）.
^ Budha P. B. (2010). Tricula taylori. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2011.
^ 康在彬. 中国拟钉螺属二新种(腹足纲:盖口螺科). 《动物分类学报 (英文版)》. 1990, 15 (3): 299–309 [2018-06-12]. ISSN 2095-6827. （原始内容存档于2018-09-08）（英语及中文（简体））.

引用错误：在<references>标签中name属性为“Davis 1986b”的参考文献没有在文中使用

外部連結

維基物種上的相關信息：拟钉螺属

[Kang_1984-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 康在彬. 湖北拟钉螺属三新种. 《海洋与湖沼》. 1984, 15 (4): 299–309 [2018-06-25]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-23）（中文（简体）及英语）.

[Benson_1843-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Benson, Esq., W. H. Description of Camptoceras, a new genus of Lymnaeadae, allied to Ancylus, and of Tricula, a new type of form allied to Melania. Calcutta J. nat. Hist.. 1843-01, 3 (12): 466 [2018-12-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-20）（英语）.

[Bouchet_2005-3] Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.

[Davis_1990-4] Davis, G. M.; Kang, Z.-B. The genus Wuconchona of China (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae: Triculinae): anatomy, systematics, cladistics, and transmission of Schistosoma. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1990, 142: 119–142.
JSTOR 4064974
（英语）.

[cnki-5] 5.00 ^5.01 ^5.02 ^5.03 ^5.04 ^5.05 ^5.06 ^5.07 ^5.08 ^5.09 ^5.10 程由注; 吴小平; 李莉莎. 中国拟钉螺属两新种记述(中腹足目,盖口螺科). 《动物分类学报》. 2010-10, 35 (4): 871－875 [2022-12-19]. ISSN 1000-0739. （原始内容存档于2022-12-19）（中文（简体））.

[Kameda_2011-6] 6.00 ^6.01 ^6.02 ^6.03 ^6.04 ^6.05 ^6.06 ^6.07 ^6.08 ^6.09 Kameda, Y.; Kato, M. Terrestrial invasion of pomatiopsid gastropods in the heavy-snow region of the Japanese Archipelago. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2011, 11: 118. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-118 （英语）.

[Chiu_1965-7] 引用错误：没有为名为Chiu 1965的参考文献提供内容

[劉月英等1984-8] 引用错误：没有为名为劉月英等1984的参考文献提供内容

[Davis_1986a-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Davis, G. M.; Subba Rao, N. V.; Hoagland, K. E. In Search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula Defined, and a New Genus Described. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia（英语：Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia）. 1986, 138 (2): 426–442 [2018-06-25]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05）（英语）.

[Attwood_2004-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 Attwood, S. W.; Upatham, E. S.; Zhang, Y.-P.; Yang, Z.-Q.; Southgate, V. R. A DNA-sequence based phylogeny for triculine snails (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae: Triculinae), intermediate hosts for Schistosoma (Trematoda: Digenea): phylogeography and the origin of Neotricula. Journal of Zoology. 2004, 262 (1): 47–56. doi:10.1017/S0952836903004424 （英语）.

[Baker_2001-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Attwood, S.W. John R. Baker; Ralph Muller; David Rollinson , 编. Schistosomiasis in the Mekong Region: Epidemiology and Phylogeography. Advances in Parasitology (Academic Press). 2001-12-03, 50: 87–144 [2019-04-29]. ISBN 0120317508. （原始内容存档于2020-09-12）（英语）.

[12] Chiu, Jui-Kuang. Tricula chiui: A New Snail Host for Formosan Strain of Schistosoma japonicum. The Journal of Parasitology (Allen Press on behalf of American Society of Parasitologists). 1965-04, 51 (No.2, Section 1 (Apr., 1965)): 206 [2022-120]. doi:10.2307/3276082. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.

[13] Budha P. B. & Daniel B. A. (2010). Tricula godawariensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2011.

[Annandale_1924-14] 14.0 ^14.1 Annandale, N. The molluscan hosts of the human blood fluke in China and Japan, and species liable to be confused with them. Am. J. Hyg., Monogr.. 1924,. Ser. 3: 269–294 （英语）.

[15] Attwood S. W., Brown D. S., Meng X. H. & Southgate V. R. (2003). "A new species of Tricula (Pomatiopsidae: Triculinae) from Sichuan Province, PR China: intermediate host of Schistosoma sinensium". Systematics and Biodiversity 1: 109-116.

[Zhao_2010_mitochondria-16] Zhao Q. P., Zhang S. H., Deng Z. R., Jiang M. S. & Nie P. (2010). "Conservation and variation in mitochondrial genomes of gastropods Oncomelania hupensis and Tricula hortensis, intermediate host snails of Schistosoma in China". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57(1): 215-226. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.026.

[17] Cheng, You-Zhu; Wu, Xiao-Ping; Li, Li-Sha; Lin, Chen-Xin; Dian-Wei, Jiang. A New Species of Tricula as the First Intermetiate Host of Paragonimus skriabini (Mesogastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) from China. Marine Sciences. 2009-10-09, 33 (10): 97–99 [2018-06-22]. ISSN 1000-3096. （原始内容存档于2018-06-22）（中文（简体））.

[18] Budha P. B. (2010). Tricula mahadevensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2011.

[19] Budha P. B. (2010). Tricula martini. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2011.

[Rao_1928-20] 20.0 ^20.1 Rao, H. S. Aquatic and amphibious Mollusca of the Northern Shan States, Burma.. Rec. Ind. Mus.. 1928, 30: 399–468, 3 pls. （英语）.

[21] Budha P. B. (2010). Tricula taylori. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2011.

[Kang_1990-22] 康在彬. 中国拟钉螺属二新种(腹足纲:盖口螺科). 《动物分类学报 (英文版)》. 1990, 15 (3): 299–309 [2018-06-12]. ISSN 2095-6827. （原始内容存档于2018-09-08）（英语及中文（简体））.

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