維也納整流器

Vienna整流器（英語：Vienna rectifier）是脈衝寬度調變的整流器，可以接收三相交流電源，也是功率因數修正電路，是Johann W. Kolar在1993年發明^[1]。

特點

Vienna 整流器的特點如下：

三相三電平的PWM整流器，其中包括三個功率晶體，可以控制輸出電壓^[2]。
輸入只需要三條電源線，不需要連接對應中性點的線
主迴路維持電阻特性^{[來源請求]}
升壓式架構（輸入電流連續）
單向的功率流動^[3]
高功率密度
低的導通共模EMI雜訊
要控制使中性點電壓穩定，比較簡單^[4]
低複雜度，實現成本低^[3]
低導通損失^[5]
在電源三相不平衡，或是電源失效時，仍有可靠的行為特性（保證有類似電阻的特性）^[6]

拓樸

Vienna整流器是三相三電平的PWM整流器。可以視為是三相的二極體電橋，配合整合式的升壓轉換器。

應用

圖2：風冷的10kw Vienna整流器的上視圖及下視圖（400kHz PWM）

Vienna整流器可以用在任何有用六個開關的轉換器，希望產生弦波輸入電流以及可控電壓輸出的情形，而且能量不需回灌到電路的應用下。在整務上，若有足夠空間，可以證明額外硬體成本的合理性時，適合使用Vienna整流器。包括：

電信電源
不间断电源
交流驅動器的交流輸入端

右圖有風冷10 kW Vienna整流器（載波頻率400 kHz），有弧弦波輸入電流以及可控輸出電壓。大小是250mm x 120mm x 40mm，功率密度是8.5 kW/dm³，總重2.1 kg ^[7]。

參考資料

^ J. W. Kolar, „Dreiphasen-Dreipunkt-Pulsgleichrichter“, filed Dec. 23, 1993, File No.: AT2612/93, European Patent Appl.: EP 94 120 245.9-1242 entitled “Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Umformung von Drehstrom in Gleichstrom”.
^ J. W. Kolar, F. C. Zach, “A Novel Three-Phase Utility Interface Minimizing Line Current Harmonics of High-Power Telecommunications Rectifier Modules”, Record of the 16th IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference, Vancouver, Canada, Oct. 30 - Nov. 3, pp. 367-374 (1994) doi:10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396642.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 J. W. Kolar, H. Ertl, F. C. Zach, “Design and Experimental Investigation of a Three-Phase High Power Density High Efficiency Unity Power Factor PWM (Vienna) Rectifier Employing a Novel Integrated Power Semiconductor Module”, Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, San Jose (CA), USA, March 3–7, Vol.2, pp.514-523 (1996) doi:10.1109/APEC.1996.500491.
^ J. W. Kolar, U. Drofenik, F. C. Zach, “Space Vector Based Analysis of the Variation and Control of the Neutral Point Potential of Hysteresis Current Controlled Three-Phase/Switch/Level PWM Rectifier Systems”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Singapore, Feb.21-24, Vol.1, pp.22-33 (1995) doi:10.1109/PEDS.1995.404952.
^ *Report “How to Design a 10kW Three-Phase AC/DC Interface Step by Step” at www.gecko-research.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ J. W. Kolar, U. Drofenik, F. C. Zach, “Current Handling Capability of the Neutral Point of a Three-Phase/Switch/Level Boost-Type PWM (Vienna) Rectifier”, Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Baveno, Italy, June 24–27, Vol.II, pp.1329-1336 (1996) doi:10.1109/PESC.1996.548754.
^ S. D. Round, P. Karutz, M. L. Heldwein, J. W. Kolar, “Towards a 30 kW/liter, Three-Phase Unity Power Factor Rectifier”, Proceedings of the 4th Power Conversion Conference (PCC'07), Nagoya, Japan, April 2–5, CD-ROM, ISBN 1-4244-0844-X, (2007).

[1] J. W. Kolar, „Dreiphasen-Dreipunkt-Pulsgleichrichter“, filed Dec. 23, 1993, File No.: AT2612/93, European Patent Appl.: EP 94 120 245.9-1242 entitled “Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Umformung von Drehstrom in Gleichstrom”.

[2] J. W. Kolar, F. C. Zach, “A Novel Three-Phase Utility Interface Minimizing Line Current Harmonics of High-Power Telecommunications Rectifier Modules”, Record of the 16th IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference, Vancouver, Canada, Oct. 30 - Nov. 3, pp. 367-374 (1994) doi:10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396642.

[KEZ96-3] 3.0 ^3.1 J. W. Kolar, H. Ertl, F. C. Zach, “Design and Experimental Investigation of a Three-Phase High Power Density High Efficiency Unity Power Factor PWM (Vienna) Rectifier Employing a Novel Integrated Power Semiconductor Module”, Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, San Jose (CA), USA, March 3–7, Vol.2, pp.514-523 (1996) doi:10.1109/APEC.1996.500491.

[4] J. W. Kolar, U. Drofenik, F. C. Zach, “Space Vector Based Analysis of the Variation and Control of the Neutral Point Potential of Hysteresis Current Controlled Three-Phase/Switch/Level PWM Rectifier Systems”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Singapore, Feb.21-24, Vol.1, pp.22-33 (1995) doi:10.1109/PEDS.1995.404952.

[5] *Report “How to Design a 10kW Three-Phase AC/DC Interface Step by Step” at www.gecko-research.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[6] J. W. Kolar, U. Drofenik, F. C. Zach, “Current Handling Capability of the Neutral Point of a Three-Phase/Switch/Level Boost-Type PWM (Vienna) Rectifier”, Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Baveno, Italy, June 24–27, Vol.II, pp.1329-1336 (1996) doi:10.1109/PESC.1996.548754.

[7] S. D. Round, P. Karutz, M. L. Heldwein, J. W. Kolar, “Towards a 30 kW/liter, Three-Phase Unity Power Factor Rectifier”, Proceedings of the 4th Power Conversion Conference (PCC'07), Nagoya, Japan, April 2–5, CD-ROM, ISBN 1-4244-0844-X, (2007).

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