压抑记忆

压抑记忆(英语:Repressed memory)是一个备受争议的心理学理论。[1]该学说认为,一些创伤事件的记忆,可能存在潜意识中,但意识没法回忆出来。虽然这些潜意识记忆没法从正常意识中回忆,但仍会透过潜意识的力量,影响个人的行为、情感及情绪反应[2]

尽管人们普遍认为外行和临床心理学家相信压抑记忆的现象[3],很多心理学研究对记忆是否会出现抑压仍有非常大的争议。[4][5][6][7][8][9] 一些心理学专家认为,压抑记忆可以透过心理治疗回复,或可以几年或几十年后自然回复,如经历到一些事件触发起压抑记忆[10]。不过,大部分专家认为,使用恢复记忆疗法,有可能会创造错误记忆,而非真正回复被压抑的记忆。[11][12][8] 根据美国心理学会, 在没有其他佐证的条件下,想要分辨压抑记忆和错误记忆基本没有可能。 [2]

参见

参考

  1. ^ Loftus, Elizabeth; Ketchum, Katherine. The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse. New York, NY: St. Martins Press. 1994. ISBN 0312114540. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Questions and Answers about Memories of Childhood Abuse页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).apa.org
  3. ^ Loftus, Elizabeth F. The reality of repressed memories. American Psychologist. 1993, 48 (5): 518–537. PMID 8507050. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.5.518. 
  4. ^ McNally, R.J. The Science and Folklore of Traumatic Amnesia. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice. 2004, 11 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bph056. 
  5. ^ McNally RJ. Dispelling confusion about traumatic dissociative amnesia. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2007, 82 (9): 1083–90. PMID 17803876. doi:10.4065/82.9.1083. 
  6. ^ McNally RJ. Is traumatic amnesia nothing but psychiatric folklore?. Cogn Behav Ther. 2004, 33 (2): 97–101; discussion 102–4, 109–11. PMID 15279316. doi:10.1080/16506070410021683. 
  7. ^ McNally RJ. Debunking myths about trauma and memory. Can J Psychiatry. 2005, 50 (13): 817–22. PMID 16483114. doi:10.1177/070674370505001302. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 McNally, RJ. Dispelling confusion about traumatic dissociative amnesia. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. September 2007, 82 (9): 1083–90. PMID 17803876. doi:10.4065/82.9.1083. 
  9. ^ Otgaar, Henry; Howe, Mark; Patihis, Lawrence; Merckelbach, Harald; Lynn, Stephen; Lilienfeld, Scott; Loftus, Elizabeth. The return of the repressed: The persistent and problematic claims of long-forgotten trauma. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2019, 14 (6): 1072–1095. PMC 6826861 . PMID 31584864. doi:10.1177/1745691619862306. 
  10. ^ Albach, Francine; Peter Paul Moormann; Bob Bermond. Memory recovery of childhood sexual abuse. Dissociation. December 1996, 9 (4): 261–273. ISSN 0896-2863. hdl:1794/1774. 
  11. ^ Amicus Curiae brief in Taus v. Loftus, (Supreme Court of California February 21, 2006).
  12. ^ Revisiting the memory wars: repressed/recovered memory and dissociation页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆); ABC TV, Catalyst (September 22, 2011).