理查德·哈特向
理查德·哈茨霍恩（英语：Richard Hartshorne[1]，1899年12月12日—1992年11月5日），美国著名地理学家。
| 理查德·哈特向 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 出生 | 1899年12月12日  基塔宁 |
| 逝世 | 1992年11月5日 （92岁） |
| 母校 | |
| 职业 | 地理学家、大学教师 |
| 雇主 | |
生平
生于宾夕法尼亚州基坦宁，1920年本科毕业于普林斯顿大学，1924年在芝加哥大学获得博士学位，1924年到1940年间执教于明尼苏达大学，1945年到1970年间执教于威斯康星大学。二战期间（1941年—1945年）在战略情报局（OSS）研究和分析处创立了地理部。[2]
他是20世纪50年代著名的地理学科性质之争的主角之一。其争论由弗莱德·K·谢菲尔引入的“科学方法”和空间规律研究引起，谢菲尔将哈特向的“传统方法”批判为“哈特向式正统派”。
奖励和荣誉
专著
- The Nature of Geography: A Critical Survey of Current Thought in the Light of the Past, 1939. 该书的副标题反应了他认为作为科学家和学者的地理学家应该熟悉自己研究领域已有的成果，并将其考虑到自己的研究内。该书本身成为了地理学的标准，并在其后数十年中仍在印刷；该书第七版出版于2000年。编辑评论和第一、二、十一和十二章的电子版 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）。
- R·哈特向. 地理学的性质：当前地理学思想述评. 汉译世界学术名著丛书. 北京: 商务印书馆. 1996. ISBN 978-7-100-01326-0.
- R·哈特向. 地理学的性质：当前地理学思想述评. 北京: 商务印书馆. 2009. ISBN 978-7-100-06428-6.
- R·哈特向. 地理学的性质：当前地理学思想述评. 北京: 商务印书馆. 2011. ISBN 978-7-100-08261-7.
- Perspective on the Nature of Geography, 1959.
- R·哈特向. 地理学的性质的透视. 汉译世界学术名著丛书. 北京: 商务印书馆. 1963. ISBN 978-7-100-02022-0.
- The Academic Citizen: Selected Statements by Richard Hartshorne 附有Mark Hoyt Ingraham的引介和注释，[5] U of Wisconsin 1970. Various statements on academic issues, authored (in some cases, co-authored) by Hartshorne, from the late 1940s through the 1960s (his pre-emeritus years at the University of Wisconsin).
论文
- "Location as a Factor in Geography", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Jun., 1927), pp. 92–99
- "Geographic and Political Boundaries in Upper Silesia", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Dec., 1933), pp. 195–228.
- (and Samuel N. Dicken) "A Classification of the Agricultural Regions of Europe and North America on a Uniform Statistical Basis", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Jun., 1935), pp. 99–120.
- "Recent Developments in Political Geography, I", The American Political Science Review, Vol. 29, No. 5 (Oct., 1935), pp. 785–804.
- "Recent Developments in Political Geography, II", The American Political Science Review, Vol. 29, No. 6 (Dec., 1935), pp. 943–966.
- "Six Standard Seasons of the Year", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep., 1938), pp. 165–178.
- "The Concepts of 'Raison d'Être' and 'Maturity' of States; Illustrated from the Mid-Danube Area", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 30, pp. 59–60; 1940.
- "The Politico-Geographic Pattern of the World", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 218, Public Policy in a World at War (Nov., 1941), pp. 45–57.
- "The Concept of Geography as a Science of Space, from Kant and Humboldt to Hettner", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Jun., 1958), pp. 97–108.
- "Political Geography in the Modern World", The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 4, No. 1, The Geography of Conflict (Mar., 1960), pp. 52–66.
参考资料
- ^ Hartshorne发音应为harts-horn，即哈茨霍恩。
- ^ McMaster, Robert and McMaster, Susanna, "A History of Twentieth-Century American Academic Cartography" in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v.29, n. 3, July, 2002, American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Gaithersburg, MD. U of Wisconsin PDF Eprint 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2006-10-20.
- ^ New York Times Obituary, "Richard Hartshorne; Geographer Was 92", November 10, 1992, Eprint
- ^ Martin, Geoffrey J., "In Memoriam: Richard Hartshorne, 1899-1992", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 84, No. 3 (Sep., 1994), pp. 480-492, JSTOR
- ^ “Mark H. Ingraham，数学名誉教授，长时间担任文理学院院长，AAUP前主席……”——前言第VI页。