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| 联合国安全理事会 第1160号决议 | |
|---|---|
 科索沃在前南斯拉夫的位置 | |
| 日期 | 1998年3月31日 |
| 会议 | 3,868 |
| 编号 | S/RES/1160（文件） |
| 主题 | 科索沃局势 |
投票 | 14票赞成 0票反对 1票弃权 |
| 结果 | 通过 |
| 安全理事会理事国 | |
常任理事国 | |
非常任理事国 | |
联合国安全理事会第1160号决议是联合国安理会于1998年3月31日获一致通过的一项有关科索沃局势的决议。
a
注意到科索沃当地的形势，安理会根据《联合国宪章》第七章采取行动，决定对南斯拉夫联盟共和国采取武器禁运和经济制裁，以期南斯拉夫政府停止过度使用暴力。
一些国家建议对包括科索沃在内的塞尔维亚和黑山实行全面武器禁运。安全理事会谴责塞尔维亚警察对和平示威者施暴及科解的恐怖行为。
安理会敦促南斯拉夫寻求政治解决冲突的道路，亦呼吁科索沃的阿尔巴尼亚人谴责任何形式的恐怖主义，和平满足自身诉求。安理会声明，若要避免冲突进一步恶化，除有意义地给予科索沃阿族人自决、自治等政治进程的愿景外，别无他法。
安理会根据《联合国宪章》第七章采取行动，对塞尔维亚和黑山实行武器禁运，并成立了一个委员会，以监督禁运执行、提议改进。
如果在秘书长科菲·安南，欧洲安全与合作组织，联络小组和欧洲联盟的报告中指出，塞尔维亚和黑山已开始对话，撤出其警察部队，允许进入，将对这些措施进行修订。向人道主义援助机构提供援助，并接受欧安组织和联合国难民事务高级专员到该地区的接受访问。[2]
安全理事会注意到其第1160号决议所列的各项条件已经得到满足，还注意到沿科索沃行政边界和南斯拉夫联盟共和国部分边界严峻的安全局势，同时强调秘书长的特别代表继续有权控制军火流入科索沃。秘书长科菲·安南指出，南联盟已经允许人道主义组织与联合国人权事务高级专员进入科索沃。[1]
安理会根据《联合国宪章》第七章采取行动，决定终止武器禁运并解散负责监督制裁的安全委员会。[2]
拓展
参考文献
- ^ Associated Press. Security Council lifts arms embargo on Yugoslavia. USA Today. 10 September 2001.
- ^ Gowlland-Debbas, Vera; Tehindrazanarivelo, Djacoba Liva. National implementation of United Nations sanctions: a comparative study. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2004: 10. ISBN 978-90-04-14090-5.
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Membership
There are currently 38 Members (countries), 4 Associate Members, and 137 Affiliate Members in the APT. Any member of the ESCAP which is within the region is to be part of the APT while to be an associate member, any territory, part or group of territories within the region which is an associate member of ESCAP is eligible.[1] Associate members are highlighted in green. A state becomes a member of APT by ratifying the founding treaty, the Constitution of the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity.
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Objective
The objective of the Telecommunity shall be to foster the development of telecommunication services and information infrastructure throughout the region with a particular focus on the expansion thereof in less developed areas.
In furtherance thereof, the Telecommunity may:
- Promote the expansion of telecommunication services and information infrastructure and the maximization of the benefits of information and telecommunications technology for the welfare of the people in the region;
- Develop regional cooperation in areas of common interest, including radio communications and standards development;
- Undertake studies relating to developments in telecommunication and information infrastructure technology and policy and regulation in coordination with other international organizations, where pertinent;
- Encourage technology transfer, human resource development and the exchange of information for the balanced development of telecommunication services and information infrastructure within the region; and
- Facilitate coordination within the region with regard to major issues pertaining to telecommunication services and information infrastructure with a view to strengthening the region’s international position.
Structure
The APT has three major functioning organs: the General Assembly, Management Committee, and General Secretariat. The General Assembly consists of the President and the Vice Presidents; the Management Committee consists of the Chairman and the Vice Chairmen; the General Secretariat consists of the Secretary General, the Deputy Secretary General and other professional staff.
The APT is divided into five sectors each managing different aspects of the matter handled by the Telecommunity. These sectors are Policy and Regulations (PRF), Radiocommunication (RF), Standardization, Human Resource Development (HRD), and ICT Development (APTICT).
Leadership
The APT is headed by a Secretary General who is elected to a three-year term by the Member States at the General Assembly.
Chief Executives
Loqman Husain (T.Q.A)
Boonchoo Phienpanji- Chao Thongma
Hiroyasu Sonoki
Jong Soon Lee
Amarendra Narayan- Toshiyuki Yamada
- Areewan Haorangsi
See also
参考资料
- ^ How to become a member Asia-Pacific Telecommunity. Retrieved on 2017-05-01.
外部链接
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银氨溶液在组织病理解剖的丰塔纳-马森法(英语：Fontana-Masson Stain)中被用来检测组织切片里的脂褐素、黑色素和嗜银细胞。黑色素和嗜铬细胞会把硝酸银还原成金属银。[1]
镀银
银氨溶液也被用作在玻璃器具上镀银，如在真空保温瓶的内胆上涂银层。所用还原剂是带醛基的葡萄糖，要想镀银效果良好，需先清洁玻璃器具。为加快金属银的沉淀速度，沉淀对象玻璃需要先在稳定的氯化亚锡的盐酸溶液中预处理。[2]
在要尽可能高质量的镜面上——如望远镜的主镜，用氯化亚锡镀银就会产生纳米级的凹凸，并降低镜面的反射效果。[3][4]给主镜镀银需要加添加剂，如使用马丁法(英语：Martin's Method)，添加含酒石酸和酒精的添加剂。
- ^ Webpath website http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/FONTANA.PDF Accessed 4 February 2009
- ^ Hart, M. Manual of scientific glassblowing. St. Helens, Merseyside [England]: British Society of Scientific Glassblowers. 1992. ISBN 0-9518216-0-1.
- ^ N. Chitvoranund1; S. Jiemsirilers; D.P. Kashima. Effects of surface treatments on adhesion of silver film on glass substrate fabricated by electroless plating. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society. 2013, 49: 62–69.
- ^ C. Heber D. Methods of Silvering Mirrors. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Feb 1911, 23 (135): 15–19. Bibcode:1911PASP...23...13C. doi:10.1086/122040.