擬星螺屬
擬星螺屬（學名：Bolma）是一個包括有中型到大型海螺的一個屬[2]，其物種都有鈣質的螺厴，皆為蠑螺科的海洋腹足綱軟體動物[2]。
擬星螺屬 化石時期：
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| A Fossil shell of Bolma rugosa from Pliocene of Italy | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 鐘螺目 Trochida |
| 總科： | 鐘螺總科 Trochoidea |
| 科： | 蠑螺科 Turbinidae |
| 亞科： | 蠑螺亞科 Turbininae |
| 屬： | 擬星螺屬 Bolma Risso, 1826[1] |
| 模式種 | |
| Bolma rugosa Linnaeus, C., 1767 | |
| 異名 | |
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化石紀錄
型態特徵
本物種的舌齒的中央齒have no cusps. They have a narrow long basal plate, which is produced above the body of the tooth. The latter is wide, oval, and not reflected above. Its lower margin is not well-defined in my specimens which are, however, not stained. The laterals are of the usual form and bear cusps.
The imperforate shell has a turbinate shape. The spire is conic with whorls rounded at the periphery. The upper whorls are spiny. The base of the shell is convex. The operculum is nearly round with an excentric nucleus. The outside of the shell is polished, concave in the middle, with a convexity or rib upon the center of the spiral.[4]
分佈
This marine genus has a wide distribution. It occurs in the Red Sea, the Eastern Indian Ocean, the West Pacific, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, and off South Africa, Indo-China, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland).
物種
截至2018年3月5日[update]，本屬現時在WoRMS紀錄有45個物種[2]：
- Bolma anacanthos Beu & Ponder, 1979 †
- Bolma andersoni (E. A. Smith, 1902)
- 黃金蠑螺 Bolma aureola (Hedley, 1907)
- Bolma austroconica Beu & Ponder, 1979 †
- Bolma bartschii Dall, 1913
- Bolma bathyraphis (E. A. Smith, 1899)
- 布氏擬星螺 Bolma boucheti Alf & Kreipl, 2011
- Bolma castelinae Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
- Bolma crassigranosa (Tenison Woods, 1877) †
- Bolma exotica (Okutani, 1969)
- Bolma flava Beu & Ponder, 1979
- Bolma flindersi (Tenison Woods, 1877) †
- Bolma fuscolineata Alf & Kreipl, 2009
- 雷神星螺 Bolma girgyllus (Reeve, 1861)
- Bolma granosa (Borson, 1821) †
- 細粒蠑螺 Bolma guttata (A. Adams, 1863)
- 榮光星螺 Bolma henica (R. B. Watson, 1879)
- Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)
- Bolma johnstoni (Odhner, 1923)
- Bolma kermadecensis Beu & Ponder, 1979
- Bolma kiharai Kosuge, 1986
- Bolma kreipli Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
- Bolma maestratii Alf & Kreipl, 2009
- Bolma mainbaza Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
- Bolma marshalli (Thomson, 1908) †
- Bolma martinae Kreipl & Alf, 2005
- Bolma massieri Bozzetti, 1992
- Bolma microconcha Kosuge, 1985
- Bolma midwayensis (Habe & Kosuge, 1970)
- Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)
- Bolma minuta Neubert, 1998
- Bolma minutiradiosa Kosuge, 1983
- 塔星螺 Bolma modesta (Reeve, 1843)，塔蠑螺
- Bolma myrica Okutani, 2001
- Bolma opaoana Bouchet & Métivier, 1983
- 紅沙蠑螺 Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)
- Bolma pseudobathyraphis Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
- Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)
- Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Bolma sabinae Alf & Kreipl, 2004
- Bolma somaliensis Beu & Ponder, 1979
- Bolma tamikoana (Shikama, 1973)
- Bolma tantalea Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
- 泰勒氏蠑螺 Bolma tayloriana (E. A. Smith, 1880)
- Bolma venusta (Okutani, 1964)
- 異名
- Bolma christianeae Nolf, 2005：為Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)的異名。
- Bolma clemenceae Bozzetti, 2010：為Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)的異名。
- Bolma erectospina Kosuge, 1983：為Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)的異名。
- Bolma formosana (Shikama, 1977)：為Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)的異名。
- Bolma macandrewii (Mørch, 1868)：為Anadema macandrewii (Mörch, 1868)的異名。
- Bolma sunderlandi Petuch, 1987：為Cantrainea sunderlandi (Petuch, 1987)的異名。
下列物種也列在印度洋-太平洋軟體動物數據庫中[5]
- 'Bolma (Galeoastraea) asteriola (DALL, 1925)
參考文獻
- ^ Risso A. (1826). H.N. Europe 4: 117.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bolma Risso, 1826. WoRMS. 2017-03-17 [2018-03-08].
- ^ Bolma Risso 1826 (snail). Paleobiology Database. [2018-03-11].
- ^ G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. [2018-03-08]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-11）.
- ^ OBIS : Bolma. [2018-03-08]. （原始內容存檔於2012-03-08）.
- Risso, 1826, Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale, 4: 117
- Sacco, 1896, I Molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria, Parte 21: 19
- Schepman, 1908, Siboga Expeditie, 49a: 27
- Finlay, 1926, Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 57: 367, 373
- Beu A. G. & Ponder W. F. (1979). A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae). Records of the Australian Museum 32 (1): 1-68[永久失效連結]
- Williams, S.T. (2007). Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592
- Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 1–82, pls 104-245.
外部連結
- Biodiversity occurrence data provided by: (Accessed through GBIF Data Portal, www.gbif.net, 2009-10-13)[1][永久失效連結]
- Beu A.G. & Ponder W.F. (1979) A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae). Records of the Australian Museum 32(1): 1-68. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）