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用戶:31cc/沙盒/Q111、Q113和Q114巴士

< User:31cc | 沙盒

Q111、Q113和Q114巴士線路構成紐約皇后區牙買加和遠洛克威社區之間的公共交通線路，主要沿蓋伊·R·布魯爾林蔭路運行。Q113和Q114在牙買加和遠洛克威之間提供限停服務，連接兩個主要的巴士地鐵樞紐，並穿越拿騷縣。Q111僅在皇后區提供本地服務，但往返拿騷縣錫達赫斯特的特定高峰時段行程除外。目前以MTA區域巴士營運品牌運營。 Q113和Q114是洛克威半島和紐約市「大陸」之間為數不多的公共交通選擇之一。

該走廊最初是一條於1897年開始運營的有軌電車線路，稱為遠洛克威線[1][2]、牙買加-遠洛克威線[3]、遠洛克威-牙買加線或牙買加和遠洛克威線[4]。 1933年，該鐵路公司重組為牙買加巴士公司，並開始在紐約市的特許經營權下沿線運營巴士（Q113 的前身）。Q111和Q113將在紐約市交通局的補貼下運營，直至2006年1月牙買加巴士被MTA巴士公司收購。2014年8月31日，Q114從Q113中分離出來，提供額外的限停服務。

q111, q114
q113, q114
牙買加——遠洛克威線
A Q113 Limited Bus at Jamaica Center Bus Terminal in Queens
一輛使用New Flyer鉸鏈式巴士的Q113行駛在皇后區牙買加社區。
概覽
所屬系統MTA區域公共汽車運營
營辦商MTA巴士
車廠貝斯利公園車庫
使用車輛New Flyer Xcelsior XD60
Orion VII NG HEV
Nova Bus LFS（補充服務）
服務開始日1897（電車線）
1930（洛克威-拿騷縣巴士線）
1933
路線資訊
區域美國紐約市皇后區及紐約州拿騷縣
社區服務皇后區：牙買加、南牙買加、斯普林菲爾德花園、羅斯代爾、遠洛克威
拿騷縣：伍德米爾、錫達赫斯特、因伍德、勞倫斯[5]
起點站皇后區牙買加社區 – 帕森斯林蔭路 & 山邊道
途經蓋伊·R·布魯爾林蔭路、第147大道 （Q111）、洛克威林蔭路（Q113、Q114）、 紐約州878號公路（拿騷高速公路）（Q113）
終點站Q111：
  • 羅斯代爾 – 弗朗西斯·劉易斯大道 & 第148大道
  • 拿騷縣錫達赫斯特 – 半島林蔭路 & 洛克威林蔭路（僅選段高峰時段）
Q113/Q114： 遠洛克威 – 西格特大道和海灘第20街
行駛里程Q111: 6.5英里（10.5公里）[5]
Q113/Q114: 12英里（19公里）[5][6][7]
服務日期24小時（Q111, Q114）引用錯誤：<ref>標籤中沒有內容 Q113除清晨和夜間外全天運營[note 1][8][9]
每年贊助Q111: 2,420,076 (2023)[10]
Q113: 730,543 (2023)[10]
Q114: 1,338,411 (2023)[10]
時間表Q111 Q113/Q114

路線說明及服務

 
 
一輛開往羅斯戴爾的Q111（上）和一輛開往遠洛克威的Q114 LTD（下）在牙買加山邊道附近的帕森斯林蔭路投入服務。

目前的服務

目前的Q113和Q114路線大部分沿用原來的電車路線，但也有一些例外。 2019年6月之前，Q114在皇后區-拿騷縣線附近轉向147大道和布魯克維爾大道，然後沿着拿騷縣路線前往遠洛克威。Q113路線沿牙買加和縣線之間的原始路線行駛，通過拿騷高速公路和中央大道的南部部分繞過拿騷縣路線的大部分。 自2019年6月起，由於布魯克維爾大道南部出現洪水問題，Q114與牙買加和拿騷高速公路之間的 Q113沿同一路線運營。在遠洛克威-莫特大道車站以南，兩條路線均沿莫特大道、·大道、海灘第九街和Seagirt林蔭路行駛至Wavecrest花園公寓附近的海灘20街；[5][9][11][12][13]這條擴展路線是在1950年代添加的。[14]Q113 和 Q114 都是有軌電車線路的直接繼承者，[15][16][17]並在皇后區的蓋伊·R·布魯爾大道上提供限站服務。[note 1][5][9][11][12][13]

Q111沿布魯爾大道向南行駛，沿第147大道向東行駛，終點位於皇后區羅斯代爾的弗朗西斯劉易斯大道，靠近拿騷縣南谷溪的邊界。 白天，Q111巴士在斯普林菲爾德花園的農民大道短途交替運行。 Q111的部分工作日線路繼續經過羅斯代爾進入拿騷縣，然後向南和向西經半島大道轉向，最後到達錫達赫斯特的洛克威收費公路。[8][13][18][19] 沿第147大道和拿騷縣的Q111路線反映了電車線路最初規劃的路線，但該線路從未建成。[8][2][13][18][19]

沿線的許多道路都已更名。紐約大道後來更名為紐約林蔭路，並於1982年以當地政治家蓋伊·布魯爾的名字更名為蓋伊·R·布魯爾大道。[20][21]洛克威路和牙買加及洛克威收費公路現稱為洛克威林蔭路（位於皇后區）和洛克威收費公路（位於拿騷縣）。[1][22][23][24]


History

 
A former Bee-Line Bus System Orion V bus on the Q113 at the Seagirt Boulevard terminus in Far Rockaway. This bus retired in 2013 and is scrapped.

As a streetcar line

The streetcar line was originally operated by the Long Island Electric Railway (LIER), which was incorporated in 1894. On October 11 of that year, the company applied for a line between the then-Long Island towns of Jamaica, Hempstead, and Far Rockaway.[1][2][22][17] Construction of the line began in 1895 along with the company's streetcar line along Liberty Avenue.[22][25][26] As originally planned, the line would have been long and circuitous south of 147th Avenue, traveling east into Rosedale and Valley Stream, then back west towards Far Rockaway. The more direct Rockaway Turnpike route was ultimately selected, after the company secured exclusive rights to use the road.[2] While the company's other three lines began operation in 1896, the Far Rockaway line was delayed due to construction over swampy land near the Queens-Nassau border, and disputes with the Long Island Rail Road over the crossing with the LIRR's Montauk Branch.[2] The first portion of the line between Jamaica and Baisley Boulevard began on September 1, 1896, operating on Sundays only.[2][3] Service was extended south to Farmers Boulevard on May 2, 1897.[3] The full line to Far Rockaway began operations on June 6, 1897.[2][22][17]

On October 13, 1899, the LIER was purchased by the New York & North Shore Railway Company (a subsidiary of the New York and Queens County Railway), which operated the Flushing–Jamaica Line along today's 164th Street.[3][17] On March 12, 1900, through service on the combined routes began between Flushing and Far Rockaway.[2] This service ended on August 1, 1901 after the LIER was bought out by the Hogan Brothers, a group of trolley line surveyors who worked on both the Flushing and Far Rockaway lines.[2] A second track was added to the line between Jamaica and Linden Boulevard in 1903.[2] The LIER would become part of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) on January 19, 1906.[1][2] The interest of IRT owner August Belmont, Jr. (builder of Belmont Park served by another LIER line) originated from the popularity of the Far Rockaway line during summer months to the resorts on the Rockaway peninsula, and its service to the Jamaica Race Course in modern-day Rochdale Village, Queens.[2] Much of the rest of the route had yet to be paved or settled, with trolleys stopping at major farmhouses and fields as opposed to intersections. The tracks along Rockaway Boulevard were susceptible to washout due to marshy land and the tidal conditions of Hook Creek.[2]

In October 1914, a second track began operation between Jamaica and Linden Boulevard.[2][27] In 1916, New York City took over the rights to Rockaway Boulevard/Rockaway Turnpike, paving and grading the road. The western half of the road was widened, while the eastern half on which the trolley line resided retained its original width.[2] In 1917, the line would receive automatic block signaling and iron trolley poles to replace the original wooden ones.[2]

Decline and conversion into bus service

 
Alternate Q111 buses, like the one pictured, short turn at Farmers Boulevard in Springfield Gardens.

Following labor and material shortages due to World War I, the line and its rolling stock fell into disrepair, leading to complaints from passengers, increased headways between trips, and high employee turnover.[2][4] On July 6, 1921, a fire broke out at the company's trolley barn at New York Avenue and Linden Boulevard in Cedar Manor (modern-day South Jamaica/Springfield Gardens), destroying much of the company's rolling stock. The railway went bankrupt and was sold in 1926 by the company's debtors, the Bank of Manhattan (now part of JPMorgan Chase), reorganizing as the Jamaica Central Railways in March of that year.[2][17] As part of the reboot, one mile of new track was installed along the Far Rockaway line, including an extension of the second New York Boulevard track south to Farmers Boulevard.[2][27] The line retained its popularity due to housing booms in South Jamaica and other neighborhoods along the route.[2]

Around this time, many streetcar lines in Queens and the rest of the city began to be replaced by buses, particularly after the unification of city's three primary transit companies in June 1940.[2][28] On April 21, 1931, Jamaica Central created a subsidiary known as Jamaica Buses, Inc. to convert its trolley lines to bus franchises.[17] The Rockaway-Nassau portion of the Far Rockaway route began operating as a bus line (without a franchise) in September 1930, with the streetcar line between Jamaica and the county line continuing to operate.[2][29] On November 12, 1933 the full route began operations as a single bus line.[2][15] The Jamaica-Far Rockaway service would become "Route B".[16][30] Due to the length of the route, it originally operated on a two-zone (then-ten cent) fare,[31] as did the streetcar route before it.[2] Additional buses were run between Jamaica and Baisley Boulevard at the Jamaica Racetrack.[32] Beginning on June 15, 1935, during summer months (June to September) the route was extended south from Far Rockaway station to Seagirt Avenue (now Seagirt Boulevard) to serve Ostend Beach, Roche Beach, and other beaches on the southern coast of the Rockaway peninsula.[33][34][35] The northern terminal was moved from Jamaica Avenue to the Parsons Boulevard station of the IND Queens Boulevard Line on Hillside Avenue on April 24, 1937.[14][36] On October 10, 1938, overnight service was initiated on the route, running between Jamaica and either Farmers Boulevard or the Nassau County line at Hook Creek.[37]

On April 20, 1952, the route was extended full-time from the Far Rockaway station to Seagirt Boulevard, in order to serve the Wavecrest Gardens Apartments, and following the disruption of LIRR service between the Rockaway Peninsula and mainland Queens.[14][38] At this time, the route was split into Route B (Jamaica-Hook Creek) and Route D (Far Rockaway), in addition to the special Jamaica Racetrack service (Route H).[38][39] Around 1960, Route D was renamed the Q113, and Route B became the Q111 route between Jamaica and the intersection of New York Boulevard (Brewer Boulevard) and 147th Avenue. In July of that year, an extension of the Q111 was approved, creating its current routing in Rosedale and Nassau County.[40][41] At some point after 1975, the Q113 was rerouted from Rockaway Boulevard to Brookville Boulevard south of 147th Avenue.[9][42] This was due to the crash of Eastern Air Lines Flight 66 on June 24, 1975, which shut down Rockaway Boulevard for some time;[43] the change to the Q113 route was made permanent around this time. On December 11, 1988, the travel path of the Q111 and Q113 in Downtown Jamaica was altered to serve the newly opened Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer subway station.[44]

MTA takeover

 
An articulated New Flyer Xcelsior XD60 articulated bus in Q113 service at Seagirt Boulevard, with the new 2016 livery.

On January 30, 2006, the MTA Bus Company took over operations of the Jamaica Bus routes.[5][45][46][47] At this time, the Q113 ran two services: the Q113 local, which made all stops, and the Q113 Limited (also known as the "Q113 Express"), which skipped all stops between Rockaway Turnpike at the Queens–Nassau border and the Far Rockaway LIRR station. The limited service only ran during weekday rush hours.[48][19][49][50] On March 12, 2007, the limited-stop service was expanded to midday hours and Saturdays, and limited stops were added to the route along Guy R. Brewer Boulevard. The Q113 limited was also shifted in Nassau County from Sheridan Boulevard and Burnside Avenue onto the Nassau Expressway.[49][51][52][53] In addition, the Q113 local was expanded to 24-hours a day at this time.[54] On July 3, 2011, the Q113 Limited was shifted from 147th Avenue and Brookville Boulevard onto the more direct route via Rockaway Boulevard between the end of Brewer Boulevard and the Nassau County line. As part of the change, two limited stops (Springfield Lane/222nd Street on 147th Avenue, and 147th Road on Brookville Boulevard) were eliminated, becoming local-only stops, while a limited stop at 147th Avenue and Brewer Boulevard was added for the Q113 Limited.[6][55] In late 2012, the Q113 local was routed away from the Far Rockaway LIRR station at Nameoke Street, instead traveling directly to the Mott Avenue subway station.[7]

On August 31, 2014, the Q113 local was converted into a limited-stop service called the Q114, running along Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, 147th Avenue, and Brookville Boulevard, and local in Nassau County and the Rockaways. The limited stops eliminated in 2011 were restored for Q114 service, with two additional limited stops added.[5][56] The 2007, 2011, and 2014 changes had originally been proposed in a Urbitran Associates study for the New York City Department of Transportation in 2004, when the bus routes were privately operated.[19] On January 4, 2015, Q114 local service was expanded into evening hours, and Q114 local service now began operating after Q113 Limited service ends.[57] On February 1, 2015, Q114 Limited service started stopping at 147th Avenue and 230th Place (Jamaica-bound) and 147th Avenue and 230th Street (Far Rockaway-bound).[58] In 2016, the corridor began operating low-floor articulated buses in conjunction with its standard-length fleet. This was planned going back to 2012.[59][60][61] In August 2016, the MTA announced plans to eventually convert the Q113 into a Select Bus Service (SBS) route;[62][63] this had been previously proposed by the Pratt Center for Community Development.[64][65]

In April 2017, the MTA announced its intention to modify the Q114's route in Nassau County in order to speed up service. West of Lawrence Avenue, the route would continue westward on Mott Avenue instead of turning south on Lawrence. The Q114 would instead turn southwest onto Nassau Expressway before turning northwest onto Bayview Avenue, eliminating a zigzagged route along Lawrence Avenue, Wanser Avenue, and Doughty Boulevard.[66] The new routing was implemented on July 2, 2017.[67] The reroute eliminated four bus stops in the Inwood neighborhood.[66][67][68] On January 6, 2019, the southern terminal for Jamaica-bound buses was shifted to Seagirt Boulevard and Crest Road from Beach 20th Street and Seagirt Boulevard.[69] On June 30, 2019, Q114 service was shifted from 147th Avenue and Brookville Boulevard onto a more direct route via Rockaway Boulevard between the end of Brewer Boulevard and the Nassau County line due to regular tidal flooding on Brookville Boulevard.[70] As part of the change, four limited stops (222nd Street on 147th Avenue, 230th Street/230th Place on 147th Avenue, 147th Road and Brookville Boulevard, and 148th Road and Brookville Boulevard) were discontinued. Service at the stops along 147th Avenue would continue to be served by the Q111, while service was entirely discontinued at the stops along Brookville Boulevard.[71]

In December 2019, the MTA released a draft redesign of the Queens bus network.[72][73] As part of the redesign, the Guy R. Brewer Boulevard routes would have been replaced with a "high-density" limited-stop route, the QT13, and an "intra-borough" route, the QT19. Two "subway connector" routes would have also run on the corridor with a non-stop section on Guy R. Brewer Boulevard: the QT43, taking over part of the old Q85 to Rosedale, and the QT45, taking over part of the old Q114 to 147th Avenue.[74] The redesign was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City in 2020,[75] and the original draft plan was dropped due to negative feedback.[76] A revised plan was released in March 2022.[77] As part of the new plan, the Q111 and Q114 will instead become "rush" routes with nonstop sections on Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, stopping only at major intersections and transfer points, with a new Q115 route making local stops on the corridor. However, the Peninsula Boulevard Q111 trips and the Q113 would be discontinued.[78] A final Queens bus-redesign plan was released in December 2023.[79][80] The Q111 and Q114 would still become "rush" routes with limited-stop sections, and the new Q115 route would make local stops on the corridor, but the Q111's Peninsula Boulevard trips would be retained.[81]（pp. 392-393, 400-401, 404-405）

Incidents

On October 14, 1995, an out-of-control car collided head-on with a Q113 bus along the narrow Brookville Boulevard. The accident killed two of the people in the car as well as injured 25 people on the bus, three of them critically.[82]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Q114 operates local during early mornings and nights

References

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 New York (State). Legislature. Senate. New York Legislative Documents: One Hundred and Forty-Third Session. 1920: 159–161. 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Seyfried-LIER-JamaicaCtrl的參考文獻提供內容
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Seyfried, Vincent F. Full text of "New York and Queens County Railway and the Steinway Lines, 1867-1939.". archive.org. Vincent F. Seyfried. 1950 [December 20, 2015]. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Long Island Editor. Far Rockaway-Jamaica Car Line Service Causes Howl. Brooklyn Daily Eagle: 46. July 18, 1920 [December 20, 2015] –透過Newspapers.com.  參數|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助)
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Transit & Bus Committee Meeting July 2014 (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 28, 2014 [October 29, 2015]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於March 4, 2016）.  已忽略未知參數|df= (幫助)
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 MTA Bus Operations Committee Meeting April 2011 (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 2011 [March 9, 2016]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於August 12, 2012）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 MTA Bus Operations Committee Meeting July 2012 (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 2012 [March 9, 2016]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 MTA Regional Bus Operations. Q111 bus schedule. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 MTA Regional Bus Operations. Q113/Q114 bus schedule. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Subway and bus ridership for 2023. mta.info. April 29, 2024 [May 2, 2024]. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 MTA Bus Time: Q113 Guy Brewer Blvd - Nassau Expwy Ltd. mta.info. MTA Bus Time. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 MTA Bus Time: Q114 Guy Brewer Blvd Ltd - Rockaway Tpk. mta.info. MTA Bus Time. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Queens Bus Map (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 2017 [April 24, 2018]. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 New Apartments Benefit by Bus To Subway Line. Brooklyn Daily Eagle: 35. April 20, 1952 [October 12, 2015] –透過Newspapers.com.  參數|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助)
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Jamaica Buses To Inaugurate New Service: Ceremony Will Be Held Tomorrow in Opening Routes to Southeast. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 10, 1933 [October 13, 2015] –透過Newspapers.com.  參數|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助)
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Pick Tentative Bus Operators; Queens Objects: Board Selects North Shore and Jamaica Firms-Hearing July 10. Brooklyn Daily Eagle: 2. June 19, 1931 [October 12, 2015] –透過Newspapers.com.  參數|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助)
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 Company Profile. Jamaica Buses, Inc. [October 13, 2015]. （原始內容存檔於January 25, 2006）. 
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 MTA Bus Time: Q111 Guy Brewer Blvd - 147th Ave. mta.info. MTA Bus Time. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Urbitran Associates, Inc. NYCDOT Bus Ridership Survey and Route Analysis Final Report: Chapter 4 Operating and Financial Performance (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Transportation. May 2004 [December 20, 2015]. 
  20. ^ Fraser, Lisa A. Guy R. Brewer Blvd.: in honor of a fighter. Queens Chronicle. November 11, 2010 [October 27, 2013]. 
  21. ^ NYC STREETS FEATURING FULL NAMES. Forgotten New York. November 17, 2013 [December 20, 2015]. 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 New York (State). Legislature. Senate. Documents of the Senate of the State of New York: One Hundred and Thirty-Sixth Session 1913. 1913: 593–603. 
  23. ^ Tuttle, Arthur S. Street System-Territory Bounded by Van Wyck Boulevard, Foc Boulevard, 140th Street, 116th Avenue, Sutphin Boulevard (Rockaway Turnpike), and 120th Avenue. Borough of Queens-Approval of Map Showing Subdivision of Private Property (Cal. No. 118).. The City Record. October 27, 1922, 50 (9–10): 6998 [1 January 2016]. 
  24. ^ Digital Collections, The New York Public Library. (still image) Plate 41: Bounded by Bergen Landing Road, Rockaway Plank Road, Rockaway Turnpike, Meyer Avenue, New York Avenue, Farmers Avenue, Rockaway Plank Road, (Idlewild Park)Three Mile Road and (Richmond Hill Circle) Old South Road., (1909). The New York Public Library, Astor, Lennox, and Tilden Foundation. [January 1, 2016]. 
  25. ^ LONG ISLAND ELECTRIC ROAD: Will Run Its First Cars From the Brooklyn City Line to Jamaica To-morrow.. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Jamaica, Long Island. July 23, 1896 [December 20, 2015] –透過Newspapers.com.  參數|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助)
  26. ^ Long Island Electric: Work Begun on its Trolley Road to Jamaica. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Jamaica, Long Island. April 8, 1896 [December 20, 2015] –透過Newspapers.com.  參數|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助)
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Seyfried-LIER-JamaicaCtrlMap的參考文獻提供內容
  28. ^ Sparberg, Andrew J. From a Nickel to a Token: The Journey from Board of Transportation to MTA. Fordham University Press. October 1, 2014. ISBN 978-0-8232-6190-1. 
  29. ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為BklynEagle-Q113Inwood-1931的參考文獻提供內容
  30. ^ All Transportation Lines Lead to Jamaica (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. March 31, 1943: 9 [January 14, 2016]. 
  31. ^ Jamaica Bus Lines Get Queens Grant: 25-year Franchise is Boted by Board for Four Routes-City to Receive 5% (PDF). The New York Times. July 22, 1933 [December 20, 2015]. 
  32. ^ 2,500 Wait in Rain for Track Bus (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. October 8, 1945: 1–2 [January 10, 2016]. 
  33. ^ Jamaica Bus Service Direct to Ostend Beach: On the Ocean Front at Far Rockaway (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. June 15, 1935: 5 [January 14, 2016]. 
  34. ^ Jamaica Buses Asks Franchise Renewal (PDF). Wave of Long Island. Fultonhistory.com. May 6, 1943: 1 [January 14, 2016]. 
  35. ^ Far Rockaway Bus Service is Curtailed: Jamaica Line Restrained From Proceeding Past Mott Avenue (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 10, 1937 [February 4, 2016]. 
  36. ^ Jamaica Buses, Inc. New Subway and Jamaica Buses: Service Effective 1 P.M. Saturday, April 24 (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. April 24, 1937 [January 14, 2016]. 
  37. ^ Buses to Run All Night to Hook Creek: Civic Association Informed of Extra Service to South Side (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. October 10, 1938 [January 14, 2016]. 
  38. ^ 38.0 38.1 Legal Notice (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. July 11, 1952: 11 [January 14, 2016]. 
  39. ^ Legal Notices (PDF). Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Fultonhistory.com. June 23, 1958: 17 [January 14, 2016]. 
  40. ^ 2 Bus Routes Extended: Both Run Between Jamaica and Far Rockaway (PDF). The New York Times. July 30, 1960 [December 20, 2015]. 
  41. ^ Legal Notices (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. February 21, 1959: 5 [January 14, 2016]. 
  42. ^ 1975 Queens Bus Map. wardmaps.com. New York City Transit Authority. 1975 [February 18, 2016]. 
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