帮助:寮语国际音标

下表列举了在维基条目中的寮语依善语蒲泰语英语Phu Thai language内容如何使用国际音标发音。欲查看在条目中添加国际音标符号的指引,请见{{IPA-lo}}、{{IPA-tts}}和{{IPA-pht}}。

辅音
IPA 寮语 依善语 蒲泰语英语Phu Thai language 中文相同
b ㆠ(台语)
d ฎ,ด ฎ,ด -
f ຝ,ຟ ฝ,ฟ ฝ,ฟ
h ຫ,ຮ ห,ฮ ห,ฮ ㄏ(台语)
j ย,อย,หย ย,อย,หย “亚”普通话的声母
k
ຂ,ຄ ข,ฃ,ค,ฅ,ฆ ข,ฃ,ค,ฅ,ฆ
l ຣ,ລ,ຫຼ,ຫຣ ล,ฬ,หล ร,หร,ล,ฬ,หล
m ມ,ໝ ม,หม ม,หม
n ນ,ໜ ณ,น,หน ณ,น,หน
ŋ ງ,ຫງ ง,หง ง,หง ㄫ(台语)
ɲ[1] ຍ,ຫຍ ㄬ(客家语)
p
ຜ,ພ ผ,พ,ภ ผ,พ,ภ
r[2] ร,หร -
ɾ[3] ร,หร -
s ສ,ຊ ฉ,ช,ฌ
,ซ,ศ,ษ,ส
ฉ,ช,ฌ
,ซ,ศ,ษ,ส
t ฏ,ต ฏ,ต
ຖ,ທ ฐ,ฑ,ฒ,ถ,ท,ธ ฐ,ฑ,ฒ,ถ,ท,ธ
tɕʰ[4] ฉ,ช,ฌ
w ວ,ຫວ ว,หว ว,หว “我”普通话的声母
ʔ อ, ะ อ, ะ “嗯”普通话的声母
 
声调[5]
IPA 说明
= āː mid [aː˧]
àː low [aː˨˩] or [aː˩]
âː high falling [aː˥˧]
a̭ː low falling [aː˧˩]
áː high [aː˦˥] or [aː˥]
ǎː rising [aː˩˩˦] or [aː˩˦]
母音
IPA 寮语[6] 依善语蒲泰语英语Phu Thai language 中文相同
短元音[7]
a ◌ະ, ◌ັ◌ ◌ะ, ◌ั◌ 爸“爸”普通话的母音
e ເ◌ະ, ເ◌ັ◌ เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ -
ɛ ແ◌ະ, ແ◌ັ◌ แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ -
i ◌ິ ◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ -
o ໂ◌ະ, ◌ົ◌ โ◌ะ, ◌◌ -
ɔ ◌ໍ เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ -
u ◌ຸ ◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ -
ɯ ◌ຶ ◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ -
ɤ ເ◌ິະ, ເ◌ິ◌ เ◌อะ “了”普通话的母音
长元音
◌າ ◌า, ◌า◌
ເ◌ เ◌, เ◌◌
ɛː ແ◌ แ◌, แ◌◌ -
◌ີ ◌ี, ◌ี◌
ໂ◌ โ◌, โ◌◌ 普通话的ㄛ
ɔː ◌ໍ, ◌ອ ◌อ, ◌อ◌ 台北话的ㄛ
◌ູ ◌ู, ◌ู
ɯː ◌ື ◌ือ, ◌ื◌ 普通话的ㄩ
ɤː ເ◌ີ เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌
双元音[8][9]
iaʔ, iəʔ ເ◌ັຽະ เ◌ียะ -
ia, iə ເ◌ັຽ เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ “谢”潮州话的双元音
uaʔ, uəʔ ◌ົວະ ◌ัวะ -
ua, uə ◌ົວ ◌ัว, ◌ว◌ “华”潮州话的双元音
ɯaʔ, ɯəʔ ເ◌ຶອະ เ◌ือะ -
ɯa, ɯə ເ◌ຶອ เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ -

Notes

  1. ^ Not present in Central and Southern Thai.
  2. ^ Only loan word from Central Thai and Southern Thai, some also fluent in Krungthep accent and replaced by ɹ.
  3. ^ For the Isan ร,หร sound also transcribed /l/ for convenience
  4. ^ Only loan word from Central Thai and Southern Thai, some also fluent in Krungthep accent and replaced by ʃ.
  5. ^ In contrast to Pinyin romanization for Mandarin, Thai romanization uses diacritics in the same way as the IPA.
  6. ^ Diacritics are shown on a dotted circle "◌".
  7. ^ In Isan, Phu Thai and Lao, the signs ◌ะ and ◌ະ are respectively used to indicate a glottal stop after the vowel.
  8. ^ More diphthongs occur in the pattern /Vw/ or /Vj/: /aj, aːj, aw, aːw, iw, uj, uːj, ew, eːw, ɛːw, ɤːj, oːj, ɔːj, iow, uɛj, ɯɛj/.
  9. ^ Each first element represents a Thai diphthong, with /a/ as the ending vowel (according to Tingsabadh, Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. Thai. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 1993, 23 (1): 24–28. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746. ).