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不落窠臼地思考

不落窠臼地思考（thinking outside the box，thinking beyond the box，thinking outside the square）是一个英语熟语，意思是以不同的方式、非常规的方式或从新的角度进行思考。该短语也常指新颖或创造性思维。[1][2][3]

历史

这句话的起源并不清楚。“Think beyond the boundary”隐喻以不同方式或较少限制进行思考，似乎由来已久。例如，1888年，《年度记录》记录了“think outside the lines”这一短语。[4][5]

 
 
九点谜题（左）的目标是在不提笔的情况下，用四条或更少的直线将所有九个点连接起来。解题方法（右图）是在“框外”画出这些直线。

最晚自1954年以来，九点谜题就被用来比喻“超越边界的思考”（think beyond the boundary）。早期的说法包括“跳出九点范围”（go outside the dots，1954年）[6][7]、“跳出九点范围的突破性思维”（breakthrough thinking that gets outside the nine-dot square，1959年）[8][9]以及“问题的实际边界是什么？”(what are the actual boundaries of the problem?，1963)[10][7]。诺曼·文森特·皮尔（Norman Vincent Peale）在1969年为《芝加哥论坛报》撰写的一篇文章中提到了这个难题，引述如下：[11][12]

There is one particular puzzle you may have seen. It's a drawing of a box with some dots in it, and the idea is to connect all the dots by using only four lines. You can work on that puzzle, but the only way to solve it is to draw the lines so they connect outside the box. It's so simple once you realize the principle behind it. But if you keep trying to solve it inside the box, you'll never be able to master that particular puzzle.

That puzzle represents the way a lot of people think. They get caught up inside the box of their own lives. You've got to approach any problem objectively. Stand back and see it for exactly what it is. From a little distance, you can see it a lot more clearly. Try and get a different perspective, a fresh point of view. Step outside the box your problem has created within you and come at it from a different direction.

All of a sudden, just like the puzzle, you'll see how to handle your problem. And just like the four lines that connect all the dots, you'll discover the course of action that's just right in order to set your life straight.

1970 年，短语“不落窠臼地思考”（think outside the dots）出现，但并未提及九点谜题。[13][7]

1971年，“不落窠臼地思考”这一特定短语被证实，并再次与九点谜题一起出现。[14][15]1976年，该短语在英国使用，[16]1978年在美国使用，[17]但都没有提到九点谜题。

除了上述证明之外，关于这个短语是如何出现的，还有几种未经证实的说法。根据马丁·基恩（Martin Kihn）的说法，这句话可以追溯到20世纪70年代和80年代的管理咨询师挑战客户解决 “九点 ”难题。[18]根据约翰·阿代尔（John Adair）的说法，他于1969年提出了“九点 ”谜题，这句话也由此而来。[19]据称，九点谜题在咨询界的使用源于华特迪士尼公司的组织文化，该公司在内部使用九点谜题。[来源请求]

相关

参考

  1. ^ box - definition of box in English - Oxford Dictionaries. [21 November 2016]. （原始内容存档于November 21, 2016）. 
  2. ^ think outside the box - Definition, meaning & more - Collins Dictionary. [21 November 2016]. 
  3. ^ Thinking Outside The Square. [21 November 2016]. 
  4. ^ The Annual Register: a review of public events at home and abroad, for the year 1887.. London: Rivingtons, Waterloo Place. 1888: 168. [Lord Hartington] said that [...] the Liberal party became a one-man party, which scarcely ventured to think outside the lines prescribed by its dictator. 
  5. ^ O'Toole, Garson. Antedating of "Outside the Box". 2010-05-03. 
  6. ^ Anderson, John F. Down to Earth. Dallas Morning News. 1954-10-30: 1. An instructor at M.I.T. began his course with a group of graduate students one day by walking to the blackboard and drawing nine dots in this fashion [...] We are not here to go through old routines. Don't let your thinking be contained in a small square of knowledge. Learn to go outside the dots and you may be the one to solve man's most puzzling problems. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Wilton, David. think outside the box. Wordorigins.org. 2021-07-19. 
  8. ^ Humphrey, Hal. 'Breakthrough thinking' gets outside 9-dot square . Detroit Free Press. 1959-11-13: 41. One of our biggest advertising agencies [writes] “Breakthrough thinking is the fresh approach, the new concept, that gets outside the nine-dot square.” 
  9. ^ Tréguer, Pascal. 'to think outside the box': meaning and origin. word histories. 2021-04-28. 
  10. ^ Platzer, Norbert A. J. Incentiveness, Motivation, Training Needs of a Scientist. The Springfield Union. 1963-04-18: 52. [...] the next aplitude for creative thinking [is] defining the problem. We must ask ourselves: “What are the actual boundaries of the problem?” Perhaps some of you have seen this little problem before. Here are nine dots [...]. This teaches us, we should avoid imposing limitations that are not in our problem, as I told you before in the cases of Kettering and Reppe. 
  11. ^ Peale, Norman Vincent. Blackmail Is the Problem . Chicago Tribune. 1969-10-25: 13. 
  12. ^ Liberman, Mark. Language Log: X-ing outside the Y. 2005-06-02. 
  13. ^ Westell, Anthony. Canada Entering Big League In Research . Ottawa Journal. 1970-05-23: 7. The problem, says William Dav[i]d Hopper, is to think “outside the dots" about the questions of how to feed a hungry world. He means that the need is to think imaginatively, creatively, about the development of less-developed countries, and not merely to keep pouring more money and technology into patterns of foreign aid established, not very successfully, over the past 20 years. 
  14. ^ Notaro, Michael R. Management of Personnel: Organization Patterns and Techniques. Data Management. Vol. 9/#9 (Data Processing Management Organization). 1971: 77. 
  15. ^ box, n.2. OED Online. Oxford University Press. 
  16. ^ Hall, David. Ex officer's strategy for business success . Sunday Telegraph. 1976-07-18: 24. [...] it is abundantly clear that Service people can turn their hand to many jobs provided they can think “outside the box.” 
  17. ^ Robert S., Mendelsohn. People's Doctor . The Newark Advocate. 1978-03-31: 10. Some of my best teachers have been those who utilize the techniques of shock and surprise to rouse me out of conventional habits of thought, forcing me to question accepted teaching and stimulating me to think “outside the box.” 
  18. ^ Kihn, Martin. "'Outside the Box': the Inside Story," FastCompany 1995
  19. ^ Adair, John. The art of creative thinking how to be innovative and develop great ideas . London Philadelphia: Kogan Page. 2007: 127. ISBN 9780749452186. 
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