紋狀體(英文:Striatum)是端腦皮質下的一部份,位于上丘脑。這是基底核的主要輸入區。在解剖學上,紋狀體包括了尾核(Caudate nucleus)和被殼(Putamen)。 具有调节肌肉张力、协调复杂运动的功能。纹状体依赖多巴胺才能正常工作,因此分泌多巴胺的细胞死亡(即黑质细胞),就会患帕金森疾病

人類腦部的冠狀切面圖表現了基底核蒼白球(globus pallidus)英语globus pallidus蒼白球外核(globus pallidus external segment,GPe)英语External globus pallidus丘腦下核(subthalamic nucleus,STN)蒼白球內核(globus pallidus internal segment,GPi)英语Internal globus pallidus,與黑質(substantia nigra,SN)

歷史

在17世紀與18世紀時,詞彙「Corpus striatum」(紋狀體)用于称呼腦半球深色的皮質下部分(Vieussens, 1685)。福格茨(Vogts)(Cécile and Oskar, 1941)簡化了命名法,提議將「striatum」詞彙用在所有紋狀的組成元素(參見主要基底核系統),包括尾核(Caudate nucleus)、被殼(Putamen)與基層紋體(fundus striati),後者是前述二部份連結至內囊(internal capsule)以下的腹側部分。

「neostriatum」(新紋狀體)是由比較解剖學家所創造的辭彙,他們比較了脊椎動物間的下皮質結構,因為新紋狀體被認為是腦部紋狀體的系統發生的新生部分。

參考文獻

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