纹状体(英文:Striatum)是端脑皮质下的一部分,位于上丘脑。这是基底核的主要输入区。在解剖学上,纹状体包括了尾核(Caudate nucleus)和被壳(Putamen)。 具有调节肌肉张力、协调复杂运动的功能。纹状体依赖多巴胺才能正常工作,因此分泌多巴胺的细胞死亡(即黑质细胞),就会患帕金森疾病

人类脑部的冠状切面图表现了基底核苍白球(globus pallidus)英语globus pallidus苍白球外核(globus pallidus external segment,GPe)英语External globus pallidus丘脑下核(subthalamic nucleus,STN)苍白球内核(globus pallidus internal segment,GPi)英语Internal globus pallidus,与黑质(substantia nigra,SN)

历史

在17世纪与18世纪时,词汇“Corpus striatum”(纹状体)用于称呼脑半球深色的皮质下部分(Vieussens, 1685)。福格茨(Vogts)(Cécile and Oskar, 1941)简化了命名法,提议将“striatum”词汇用在所有纹状的组成元素(参见主要基底核系统),包括尾核(Caudate nucleus)、被壳(Putamen)与基层纹体(fundus striati),后者是前述二部分连结至内囊(internal capsule)以下的腹侧部分。

“neostriatum”(新纹状体)是由比较解剖学家所创造的辞汇,他们比较了脊椎动物间的下皮质结构,因为新纹状体被认为是脑部纹状体的系统发生的新生部分。

参考文献

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