蓖麻碱
化合物
蓖麻碱(英語:Ricinine),是从蓖麻中提取到的一种剧毒生物碱[2]。其可作为蓖麻毒蛋白的生物标记[3][4]。
蓖麻碱 | |
---|---|
IUPAC名 4-Methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile | |
别名 | 3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 524-40-3 |
PubChem | 10666 |
ChemSpider | 10216 |
SMILES |
|
3DMet | B00311 |
ChEBI | 18043 |
KEGG | C01526 |
性质 | |
化学式 | C8H8N2O2 |
摩尔质量 | 164.16 g·mol−1 |
熔点 | 200 °C(473 K) |
危险性 | |
致死量或浓度: | |
LD50(中位剂量)
|
340 mg/kg[1] |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
性质
蓖麻碱在蓖麻幼芽、子叶中含量较高,为0.7-1%。蓖麻碱纯品为白色针状或棱柱状结晶体,在热水和热三氯甲烷中溶解度较高,但难溶于苯、乙醚和石油醚。其碱性溶液可使高锰酸钾还原,并伴随有氢氰酸的生成[7]。
生物作用
蓖麻碱是一种剧毒生物碱,分子中含有氰基,具有较强的毒性,毒性反应主要有恶心、呕吐,严重者肝、肾受损,呼吸抑制死亡等。饲料中蓖麻碱含量高于 0.01%,可抑制鸡的生长;含量高于 0.1%,可致鸡中毒死亡[7]
参考文献
- ^ Worbs, Sylvia; Köhler, Kernt; Pauly, Diana; Avondet, Marc-André; Schaer, Martin; Dorner, Martin B.; Dorner, Brigitte G. Ricinus communis Intoxications in Human and Veterinary Medicine—A Summary of Real Cases. Toxins. 24 October 2011, 3 (10): 1332–1372. PMC 3210461 . PMID 22069699. doi:10.3390/toxins3101332 .
- ^ Peng, Jing; Cai, Shuang; Wang, Lin; Zhao, Nan; Zhang, Ting-jian; Chen, Zai-xing; Meng, Fan-hao; Dzeja, Petras. A Metabonomic Analysis of Serum from Rats Treated with Ricinine Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. PLOS ONE. 11 March 2014, 9 (3): e90416. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...990416P. PMC 3949718 . PMID 24618672. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090416 .
- ^ Hamelin, Elizabeth I.; Johnson, Rudolph C.; Osterloh, John D.; Howard, David J.; Thomas, Jerry D. Evaluation of Ricinine, a Ricin Biomarker, from a Non-Lethal Castor Bean Ingestion. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. November 2012, 36 (9): 660–662. PMC 4561852 . PMID 23014889. doi:10.1093/jat/bks077.
- ^ Pittman, C. T.; Guido, J. M.; Hamelin, E. I.; Blake, T. A.; Johnson, R. C. Analysis of a Ricin Biomarker, Ricinine, in 989 Individual Human Urine Samples. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 6 March 2013, 37 (4): 237–240. PMC 4547525 . PMID 23471955. doi:10.1093/jat/bkt010.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Henry, Thomas Anderson. Ricinine. The Plant Alkaloids 4th. The Blakiston Company. 1949: 5.
- ^ Rao, N. V. Subra. A Note on the Chemical Composition of Castor Leaves. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. Feb 12, 1945, A (21): 123–125 [Aug 7, 2021]. S2CID 94199266. doi:10.1007/BF03051280.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 霍玉淼,文艳鹏,包春光,等. 蓖麻毒素应用研究进展. 特种经济动植物. 2023, 26 (1): 79–101.
- ^ Wachira, Sabina; Omar, Sabar; Jacob, Julia; Wahome, Martin; Alborn, Hans T; Spring, David R; Masiga, Daniel K; Torto, Baldwyn. Toxicity of six plant extracts and two pyridone alkaloids from Ricinus communis against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Parasites & Vectors. 2014, 7 (1): 312. PMC 4098926 . PMID 24996560. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-312 .
- ^ 吴莹、李希. 植物源农药蓖麻碱微乳剂技术指标的建立. 中药与临床. 2016, (04): 29–32. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-926X.2016.04.009.
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