蓖麻鹼
化合物
蓖麻鹼(英語:Ricinine),是從蓖麻中提取到的一種劇毒生物鹼[2]。其可作為蓖麻毒蛋白的生物標記[3][4]。
蓖麻鹼 | |
---|---|
IUPAC名 4-Methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile | |
別名 | 3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone |
識別 | |
CAS號 | 524-40-3 |
PubChem | 10666 |
ChemSpider | 10216 |
SMILES |
|
3DMet | B00311 |
ChEBI | 18043 |
KEGG | C01526 |
性質 | |
化學式 | C8H8N2O2 |
摩爾質量 | 164.16 g·mol−1 |
熔點 | 200 °C(473 K) |
危險性 | |
致死量或濃度: | |
LD50(中位劑量)
|
340 mg/kg[1] |
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
性質
蓖麻鹼在蓖麻幼芽、子葉中含量較高,為0.7-1%。蓖麻鹼純品為白色針狀或稜柱狀結晶體,在熱水和熱三氯甲烷中溶解度較高,但難溶於苯、乙醚和石油醚。其鹼性溶液可使高錳酸鉀還原,並伴隨有氫氰酸的生成[7]。
生物作用
蓖麻鹼是一種劇毒生物鹼,分子中含有氰基,具有較強的毒性,毒性反應主要有噁心、嘔吐,嚴重者肝、腎受損,呼吸抑制死亡等。飼料中蓖麻鹼含量高於 0.01%,可抑制雞的生長;含量高於 0.1%,可致雞中毒死亡[7]
參考文獻
- ^ Worbs, Sylvia; Köhler, Kernt; Pauly, Diana; Avondet, Marc-André; Schaer, Martin; Dorner, Martin B.; Dorner, Brigitte G. Ricinus communis Intoxications in Human and Veterinary Medicine—A Summary of Real Cases. Toxins. 24 October 2011, 3 (10): 1332–1372. PMC 3210461 . PMID 22069699. doi:10.3390/toxins3101332 .
- ^ Peng, Jing; Cai, Shuang; Wang, Lin; Zhao, Nan; Zhang, Ting-jian; Chen, Zai-xing; Meng, Fan-hao; Dzeja, Petras. A Metabonomic Analysis of Serum from Rats Treated with Ricinine Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. PLOS ONE. 11 March 2014, 9 (3): e90416. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...990416P. PMC 3949718 . PMID 24618672. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090416 .
- ^ Hamelin, Elizabeth I.; Johnson, Rudolph C.; Osterloh, John D.; Howard, David J.; Thomas, Jerry D. Evaluation of Ricinine, a Ricin Biomarker, from a Non-Lethal Castor Bean Ingestion. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. November 2012, 36 (9): 660–662. PMC 4561852 . PMID 23014889. doi:10.1093/jat/bks077.
- ^ Pittman, C. T.; Guido, J. M.; Hamelin, E. I.; Blake, T. A.; Johnson, R. C. Analysis of a Ricin Biomarker, Ricinine, in 989 Individual Human Urine Samples. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 6 March 2013, 37 (4): 237–240. PMC 4547525 . PMID 23471955. doi:10.1093/jat/bkt010.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Henry, Thomas Anderson. Ricinine. The Plant Alkaloids 4th. The Blakiston Company. 1949: 5.
- ^ Rao, N. V. Subra. A Note on the Chemical Composition of Castor Leaves. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. Feb 12, 1945, A (21): 123–125 [Aug 7, 2021]. S2CID 94199266. doi:10.1007/BF03051280. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-07).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 霍玉淼,文艷鵬,包春光,等. 蓖麻毒素应用研究进展. 特種經濟動植物. 2023, 26 (1): 79–101 [2024-07-14]. (原始內容存檔於2024-07-14).
- ^ Wachira, Sabina; Omar, Sabar; Jacob, Julia; Wahome, Martin; Alborn, Hans T; Spring, David R; Masiga, Daniel K; Torto, Baldwyn. Toxicity of six plant extracts and two pyridone alkaloids from Ricinus communis against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Parasites & Vectors. 2014, 7 (1): 312. PMC 4098926 . PMID 24996560. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-312 .
- ^ 吳瑩、李希. 植物源农药蓖麻碱微乳剂技术指标的建立. 中藥與臨床. 2016, (04): 29–32. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-926X.2016.04.009.
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