1968年图勒空军基地B-52坠毁事件

1968年美国图勒空军基地B-52坠毁事件，是一起发生在1968年1月21日的飞机坠毁事件，事件中一架美国空军的B-52轰炸机坠毁。这架B-52轰炸机携带了4颗氢弹，执行冷战期间的鉻穹頂行動，在飞越北冰洋的巴芬湾时，因为机舱起火迫使机组人员在迫降前放弃飞机。6名机组人员成功脱险，但其中1名因为没有弹射座椅，在试图跳伞时死亡。飞机随后坠入格陵兰島西北部美軍圖勒空軍基地附近的北极星海湾，导致4颗氢弹头破裂并扩散，产生大范围的放射性污染。

坠机现场的黑色冰面

美国和丹麦启动了一次集中清理和恢复工作，但其中一颗弹头未被找到。事發後美国战略空军的鉻穹頂行動立即终止，这更加突出了此任务的安全和政治风险。随后一系列的安全措施被加强，并研制出核武器上使用的更稳定的常规炸药。

1995年，有报告揭发丹麦政府有意对格陵兰的核武器事故保持缄默，这违反了1957年丹麦的无核区域政策。参与清理的工人因为核辐射产生相关疾病，一直在寻求赔偿。2009年3月，时代杂志认为这次事故是世界上最严重的一起核事故。

相關條目

• 1961年B-52同溫層堡壘轟炸機空難

参考资料

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期刊及报告

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• Broken Arrow - Palomares, Spain (PDF). USAF Nuclear Safety (Directorate of Nuclear Safety, United States Air Force). Sep–Oct 1966, 52 [2009-03-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-03-27）. 
• Broken Arrow - Thule (PDF). USAF Nuclear Safety (Directorate of Nuclear Safety, United States Air Force). Jul–Sep 1968, 60 (1) [2009-03-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-03-27）. 
• Christensen, Svend Aage. The Thule Accident. Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS). 2009-08-03 [2009-08-14]. ISBN 978-87-7605-331-4. （原始内容存档于2012-05-25）. 
• Dresser, Col D.S. Host Base Support (PDF). USAF Nuclear Safety (Thule Air Base). January 1970 [2009-04-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-06-09）. 
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• Juel, Knud; Gerda Engholm & Hans Storm, Register study of mortality and cancer incidence among Thule workers（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 2005, National Institute of Public Health (Denmark) & Cancer Society (Denmark), Retrieved on 2009-03-30 (Danish)
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• Kidder, Ray E. Barrier to Test Ban. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists. April 1991, 47: 22. 
• Nielsen, Sven P. & Per Roos. Thule-2003 – Investigation of Radioactive Contamination. Roskilde: Radiation Research Deptartment, Risø National Laboratory. May 2006. ISBN 87-550-3508-6. 
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网页

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• B-52 Crash (PDF). Pentagon: National Military Command Center via Nautilus.org. 1968-01-24 [2009-04-12]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-11-20）. 
• B-52 Crash at Thule Air Base (PDF). United States Atomic Energy Commission. 1968-01-22 [2008-11-13]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-25）. 
• Brooke, James. Greenlanders Wary of a New Role in U.S. Defenses. New York Times. 2000-09-18 [2008-11-11]. （原始内容存档于2009-04-09）. 
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• Corera, Gordon. Mystery of lost US nuclear bomb. BBC News. 2008-11-10 [2008-11-10]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-23）. 
• Foreign Relations of the United States 1964–1968, Volume XII, Western Europe: Denmark. United States Department of State. [2008-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2009-06-13）. 
• Broken Arrow. GlobalSecurity.org. 2005-04-28 [2009-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-28）. 
• Hansen, H.C. Danish Prime Minister Gives Tacit Go-Ahead For U.S. Nuclear Weapons In Greenland. The Nautilius Institute. 1957-11-16 [2009-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-11-06）. 
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• Petition 720/2002 by Jeffrey Carswell（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Committee on Petitions, European Parliament, 2004
• Petition 720/2002 by Jeffrey Carswell（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Committee on Petitions, European Parliament, 2007
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• Taagholt, Jørgen & Jens Claus Hansen (Trans. Daniel Lufkin). Greenland: Security Perspectives (PDF). Fairbanks, Alaska: Arctic Research Consortium of the United States: 35–43. 2001 [2011-01-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-05-05）. 
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拓展阅读

• Brink, Poul. Thule-Sagen, Løgnens Univers. Aschehoug. 1997. ISBN 8711150459.  （丹麦文）
• James C. Oskins, Michael H. Maggelet. Broken Arrow - The Declassified History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Accidents. Lulu. 2008. ISBN 1-4357-0361-8. 

外部链接

• 文件和照片 （丹麦文）
• DoD Mishaps by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
• Declassified US government video of clean-up operation（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） BBC
• National Institute for Radiation Protection (Denmark)（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） （丹麦文）
• Thulesundhed.dk website by Ministry of Health and Prevention (Denmark) and the Department of Family and Health (Greenland) covering the impact of plutonium in the Thule area on the health of the local population （丹麦文）