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Warren Robinett | |
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出生 | 喬瑟夫·華倫·羅賓奈特二世 Joseph Warren Robinett, Jr. 1951年 美国 |
母校 | Rice University |
职业 | interactive computer graphics software designer |
知名于 | Adventure (Atari 2600) Rocky's Boots (Apple II) |
喬瑟夫·華倫·羅賓奈特二世(英語:Joseph Warren Robinett, Jr.,1951年—)[1]是一位美國[2]互動式電腦軟體設計師,他的知名作是一款雅達利2600遊戲《魔幻歷險》——電子遊戲歷史上第一個動作冒險遊戲[3]。羅賓奈特也是軟體公司樂寧公司的創辦人[1],他為該公司開發了兩款學習軟體《Rocky's Boots》[4]和《Robot Odyssey》兩款遊戲。近期他參與了虚拟现实技術的開發。
Robinett graduated in 1974 with a B.A. from Rice University,[1] with a major in "Computer Applications to Language and Art".[1][5] After graduating from Rice University, he was a Fortran programmer for Western Geophysical in Houston, Texas.[5] He received an M.S. from University of California, Berkeley in 1976, and went to work at Atari, Inc. in November 1977.[1][5]
早年與雅達利時期
華倫·羅賓奈特出生於1951年[1]。1974年,他畢業於萊斯大學,之後於1977年11月進入電腦公司雅達利工作,第一個作品是雅達利2600遊戲《軌道賽車》(1978年)[1][6]。在參觀史丹佛大學智慧實驗室時玩過文字冒險遊戲《巨洞冒險》後,羅賓奈特認為,將其製作成一款圖像遊戲「會是一件很酷的事」[5]。他於1978年5月至6月間使用惠普1611A微處理器電腦開始設計《巨洞冒險》的改良版《魔幻歷險》[7][8]。不過,《魔幻歷險》的檔案大小約為數百KB(千字節),而雅達利2600只有4,096字節(約4KB)的唯讀記憶體(ROM),128字節的随机存取存储器(RAM)和1MHz(一兆赫茲)的6502處理器,連羅賓奈特的上司都認為不可能[1][9]。
However, with 128 bytes of RAM and 4096 bytes of ROM, Atari's Adventure was a much simpler program, and with only a joystick for input, the set of "commands" was necessarily brief.[5] Adventure was a hit upon its 1979 release, and eventually sold a million copies.[10]
Atari designers at the time were not given credit for their games, because Atari feared having to bargain with well-known designers.[10] In response to this, Robinett placed a hidden object in the game that would allow the player to reach a hidden screen which displayed the words "Created by Warren Robinett," hence creating one of the earliest known Easter eggs in a video game, and the first to which the name "Easter egg" was applied.[10][5]
Robinett then wrote the BASIC Programming cartridge, finishing both BASIC Programming and Adventure in June 1979, and quit Atari.[5]
樂寧公司與之後
He founded The Learning Company[1] in 1980, and worked on several educational games there, including Rocky's Boots and Robot Odyssey for the Apple II.[10] The Learning Company was acquired by Softkey in 1995 for US$606 million.[11]
He has since worked on virtual reality projects for NASA[5] and the University of North Carolina.[1]
In 2016, Robinett announced The Annotated Adventure, a book describing the design and implementation of Adventure for the Atari 2600.[12] As of December 2017, the book has not been published.
Robinett's Adventure Easter egg is a plot element in the 2011 novel and 2018 film Ready Player One.
參考資料
- ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Robinett, Warren. Warren Robinett Interview. Stanford University (访谈). 1997-04-21. 已忽略文本“urlhttps://web.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/TimLenoir/MilitaryEntertainment/Atari/Warren%20Robinett%20Interview.html ” (帮助);
- ^ Hulick, Kathryn. American Life and Video Games from Pong to Minecraft. Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. 2016-07-15: 38 [2018-09-18].
- ^ Robinett, Warren. Adventure for the Atari 2600 Video Game Console. [2007-10-11].
- ^ Robinett, Warren. Of Dragons and Easter Eggs: A Chat With Warren Robinett. 访谈 with Joey Connelly. 2003-05-13 [2014-03-02]. The Jaded Gamer.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Hague, James (编). Warren Robinett Interview. Halcyon Days: Interviews with Classic Computer and Video Games Programmers Free web. Dadgum Games. June 2002 [1997] [28 October 2008].
- ^ Slot Racers Manual. AtariAge. [2014-03-02].
- ^ Robinett 2006,第690頁.
- ^ Baker, Chris. How One Man Invented the Console Adventure Game. Wired. March 13, 2015 [March 25, 2016].
- ^ Wolf, Mark J. P. The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to Playstation and Beyond. ABC-CLIO. 2008: 82. ISBN 978-0-313-33868-7.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 引用错误:没有为名为
thejadedgamer
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Fisher, Lawrence M. Softkey Reaches Agreement to Buy Learning Company. nytimes.com. 1995-12-08 [2017-01-19].
- ^ Robinett, Warren. Book: The Annotated Adventure (Table of Contents). warrenrobinett.com.
參考書目
- Robinett, Warren. Adventure as a Video Game: Adventure for the Atari 2600. Salen, Katie; Zimmerman, Eric (编). The Game Design Reader: A Rules of Play Anthology. The MIT Press. 2006: 690–713. ISBN 978-0262195362. OCLC 58919795.