南方基督教领袖会议
南方基督教领袖会议(Southern Christian Leadership Conference;SCLC)是一个非裔美国人民权组织,总部位于美国乔治亚州亚特兰大。其第一任主席是马丁·路德·金,在美国非裔美国人民权运动中发挥了重要作用。[1]
简称 | SCLC |
---|---|
成立时间 | 1957年1月10日 |
创始人 | 马丁·路德·金、拉尔夫·阿伯内西、贝亚德·鲁斯汀[*]、约瑟夫·洛里[*]、弗雷德·舒特尔斯沃[*] |
类型 | NGO |
总部 | 乔治亚州亚特兰大 |
服务地区 | 美国 |
员工数 | 60 |
目标 | 民权 |
网站 | www |
历史
1957年1月10日,在联合抵制蒙哥马利公车运动胜利后,马丁·路德·金与贝亚德·鲁斯汀、埃拉·贝克等人邀请约60名黑人牧师和领袖到亚特兰大的埃比尼泽教堂集会[2]。1月11日,一群人举行首次会议,并在当天举行新闻发布会公布名称“Southern Negro Leaders Conference on Transportation and Nonviolent Integration”。
2月15日,组织在新奥尔良举行会议,改名“Negro Leaders Conference on Nonviolent Integration”,不久改名“Southern Negro Leaders Conference”[3]。金担任主席[4]。1957年8月举行的第三次会议上,该组织决定定为现名,将其关注范围从公共汽车扩展到一切形式的种族隔离[5]。
主席
顺序 | 照片 | 名字 | 任期 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 马丁·路德·金 | 1957–1968 | |
2 | 拉尔夫·阿伯内西 | 1968–1977 | |
3 | 约瑟夫·洛厄里 | 1977–1997 | |
4 | 马丁·路德·金三世 | 1997–2004 | |
5 | 弗雷德·沙特尔斯沃思 | 2004–2004 | |
6 | 小查尔斯·斯蒂尔 | 2004–2009 | |
7 | Howard W. Creecy Jr. | 2009–2011 | |
8 | 小查尔斯·斯蒂尔[6] | 2012– |
评价
该组织号召人们通过公民不服从、抵制和游行等方法达成目标,因此一般认为比全国有色人种协进会更激进,后者通过诉讼、立法游说和教育活动达成目的。但它不如种族平等大会或学生非暴力协调委员会激进。[7]
参考文献
- ^ King Research & Education Institute at Stanford Univ. Southern Christian Leadership Conference. [2023-08-28]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-27).
- ^ Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters . Simon & Schuster. 1988. ISBN 9780671687427.
- ^ Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- History & Timeline, 1957. www.crmvet.org. [2017-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-04).
- ^ Conference Called by King to Air Rights Progress. Alabama Tribune. August 2, 1957: 1.
- ^ Name changed to Southern Christian Leadership Conference at third meeting; King announces "Crusade for Citizenship". King Encyclopedia. Stanford University | Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute. 1957-08-08 [2020-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-31).
- ^ National Staff. The All-New National SCLC. March 26, 2018 [2020-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-28).
- ^ University, © Stanford; Stanford; California 94305. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute. 2017-06-20 [2022-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-31).
扩展阅读
- Aguiar, Marian; Gates, Henry Louis. Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Africana: the encyclopedia of the African and African American experience. New York: Basic Civitas Books. 1999. ISBN 0-465-00071-1.
- Cooksey, Elizabeth B. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The new Georgia encyclopedia. Athens, GA: Georgia Humanities Council. December 23, 2004 [February 12, 2008]. OCLC 54400935. (原始内容存档于2012-10-12).
- Fairclough, Adam. "The Preachers and the People: The Origins and Early Years of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1955-1959." Journal of Southern History (1986): 403–440. in JSTOR (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Fairclough, Adam. To Redeem the Soul of America: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr. (University of Georgia Press, 2001)
- Garrow, David. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1986); Pulitzer Prize
- Marable, Manning; Mullings, Leith. Freedom: A Photographic History of the African American Struggle. London: Phaidon. 2002. ISBN 0-7148-4270-2.
- Peake, Thomas R. Keeping the dream alive: A history of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference from King to the nineteen-eighties (P. Lang, 1987)
- Williams, Juan. Eyes on The Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965. New York: Viking. 1987. ISBN 0-670-81412-1.
外部链接
- 官方网站
- Civil Rights Movement Archive (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Southern Christian Leadership Conference records, 1864 (sic)–2012 at the Stuart A. Rose Manuscripts, Archives, and Rare Books Library, Emory University
- SCLC Documents (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Online collection of original SCLC documents ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive.
- Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Emory University: Southern Christian Leadership Conference records, 1864-2012