斑蛾科
鳞翅目的一科昆虫
斑蛾科（学名：Zygaenidae）是斑蛾总科昆虫之下的一科，并分为4个亚科。全世界目前至少有超过200个属及1,000多个物种已被命名。
斑蛾科
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| 蝶形锦斑蛾（Cyclosia papilionaris）雌蝶 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 鳞翅目 Lepidoptera |
| 亚目： | 有喙亚目 Glossata |
| 演化支： | 腔鳞类 Coelolepida |
| 演化支： | 肌旋喙类 Myoglossata |
| 演化支： | 新鳞翅类 Neolepidoptera |
| 下目： | 异脉下目 Heteroneura |
| 演化支： | 真鳞翅类 Eulepidoptera |
| 演化支： | 真异脉类 Euheteroneura |
| 演化支： | 双孔类 Ditrysia |
| 派： | 木蠹蛾派 Cossina |
| 亚派： | 透翅蛾亚派 Sesiina |
| 总科： | 斑蛾总科 Zygaenoidea |
| 科： | 斑蛾科 Zygaenidae Latreille, 1809 |
| 亚科 | |
| 多样性 | |
| 约 1,000 种 | |
| 异名 | |
特征及生态
斑蛾科的成虫多数为昼行性，飞行速度较慢，常可见飞舞于寄生植物周围采食花蜜。
成虫的外观通常以灰色或黑色为底色，而头胸部或腹部之间至后翅带有鲜艳的色彩或金属光泽，藉以警告天敌；常由幼虫寄主植物中获得糖苷，将有毒性的氢氰酸（HCN）储存于体内藉以防止天敌的捕食[1][2]。在缺乏提供氢氯酸植物的环境下，部分种类的斑蛾也能自行于体内合成并产生氢氰酸[3]，且部分幼虫能够将其储存于体内，紧急时排出体外以用于防卫天敌。其它物种间，也被观察到对斑蛾进行拟态以达自卫的现象。[4]成虫具有发展完全的口器，以吸食花蜜为食。一般触角为栉状，而雄性的触角多呈羽毛状。 静止时，前翅常向后并拢，覆盖住大部分后翅及腹部。
下级分类
本科包括以下属：[5]
- Achelura Kirby, 1892
- Acoloithus Clemens, 1860
- Adscita Retzius, 1783
- Aethioprocris Alberti, 1954
- 透翅锦斑蛾属 Agalope Walker, 1854
- Aglaope Latreille, 1809
- Agrumenia Hübner, 1819
- Allobremeria Alberti, 1954
- Allocaprima Hering, 1922
- Allocyclosia Hering, 1922
- Alloprocris Hering, 1925
- Alteramenelikia Alberti, 1971
- Amesia Duncan, 1841
- Anarbudas Jordan, 1907
- Ankasocris Viette, 1965
- Aphantocephala Felder, 1861
- Arachotia Moore, 1879
- Araeocera Hampson, 1893
- Arbudas Moore, 1879
- Artona Walker, 1854
- Astyloneura Gaede, 1914
- Atelesia Jordan, 1930
- Australartona Tarmann, 2004
- Barbaroscia Hering, 1922
- Boradia Moore, 1879
- Boradiopsis Hering, 1922
- Cadphises Moore, 1866
- Callizygaena Felder, 1874
- 旭锦斑蛾属 Campylotes Westwood, 1840
- Caprima Walker, 1865
- Chalconycles Jordan, 1907
- Chalcophaedra Jordan, 1907
- Chalcosia Hübner, 1819
- Chalcosiopsis Swinhoe, 1894
- Charmona Dalman, 1820
- Chilioprocris Jordan, 1913
- Chrysartona Swinhoe, 1892
- 灿斑蛾属 Clelea Walker, 1854
- Clematoessa Jordan, 1915
- Cleoda Tremewan
- Corma Walker, 1865
- Cryptophysophilus Hering, 1922
- Cyanidia Jordan, 1925
- Cyclosia Hübner, 1820
- Dendrocera Hampson, 1893
- Doclea Walker, 1865
- Docleomorpha Hering, 1922
- Docleopsis Jordan, 1907
- Dubernardia Alberti, 1954
- Efetovia Mollet, 2001
- Elcysma Butler, 1881
- Ephemeroidea Hampson, 1893
- Epiorna Alberti, 1954
- Epizygaena Jordan, 1908
- Erasmia Hope, 1841
- Erasmiphlebohecta Strand, 1917
- Erythroclelea Efetov & Tarmann, 1995
- 柄脉锦斑蛾属 Eterusia Hope, 1841
- Euclimacia Jordan, 1913
- Eucorma Jordan, 1907
- Eucormopsis Jordan, 1907
- Eumorphiopais Hering, 1922
- Eusphalera Jordan, 1907
- Euxanthopyge Hering, 1922
- Formozygaena Inoue, 1987
- Funeralia Alberti, 1954
- Fuscartona
- Gaedea Hering, 1924
- Gonioprocris Jordan, 1913
- Gynatoceras Rambur, 1866
- Gynautocera Guérin-Méneville, 1831
- Hadrionella Jordan, 1925
- Hampsonia Swinhoe, 1894
- Harrisina Packard, 1864
- Harrisinia
- Harrisinopsis Jordan, 1913
- Harrisinula Hering, 1925
- Hemiscia Jordan, 1907
- Herpa Walker, 1854
- Herpidia Bryk, 1936
- Herpolasia Rothschild & Jordan, 1905
- Hestiochora Meyrick, 1886
- Heteropan Walker, 1854
- Heteropanula Tarmann, 1992
- Heterusinula Bryk, 1936
- Histia Hübner, 1820
- Hoerwertneria Tarmann, 1984
- Homophylotis Turner, 1904
- Hysteroscene Hering, 1925
- 鹿斑蛾属 Illiberis Walker, 1854
- Inope Staudinger, 1887
- Inouela Efetov, 1999
- Ischnusia Jordan, 1928
- Isocrambia Jordan, 1907
- Jordanita Verity, 1946
- Keilia Efetov, 2001
- Kubia Matsumura, 1927
- Lamontia Kaye, 1923
- Leptozygaena Jordan, 1907
- Levuana Bethune-Baker, 1906
- Lophosoma Swinhoe, 1892
- Madaprocris Viette, 1978
- Malamblia Jordan, 1907
- Malthaca Clemens, 1860
- Mesembrynus Hübner, 1819
- Metanycles Butler, 1876
- Milleria Hering, 1922
- Milleria Herrich-Schäffer, 1859
- Milleriana Herrich-Schäffer, 1856
- Mimascaptesyle Hering, 1922
- Molletia Efetov, 2001
- Monalita Tremewan, 1973
- Morionia Jordan, 1910
- Myrtartona Tarmann, 2004
- Neoalbertia Tarmann, 1984
- Neobalataea Alberti, 1954
- 新锦斑蛾属 Neochalcosia Yen & Yang, 1997
- Neofelderia Tarmann, 1984
- Neoilliberis Tarmann, 1984
- Neoprocris Jordan, 1915
- Neurosymploca Wallengren, 1858
- Onceropyga Turner, 1906
- Opisoplatia Jordan, 1907
- Orna Kirby, 1892
- Palmartona Tarmann, 2004
- Panherpina Bryk, 1936
- Papuaphlebohecta Yen, 2005
- Parasyntomis Distant, 1897
- Pernambis Schaus, 1920
- Phacusa Walker, 1854
- Philopator Moore, 1866
- Phlebohecta Hampson, 1893
- Piarosoma Hampson, 1893
- Pidorus Walker, 1854
- Platyzygaena Swinhoe, 1892
- Pollanista Strand, 1915
- Pollanisus Walker, 1854
- Pompelon Walker, 1854
- Praezygaena Alberti, 1954
- Praviela Alberti, 1954
- Procotes Butler, 1876
- Procris Herrich-Schäffer, 1864
- Procrisimilis Tarmann, 1984
- Procrita Efetov & Tarmann, 1999
- Procriterna Efetov & Tarmann, 2004
- Prosopandrophila Hering, 1922
- Psaphis Walker, 1854
- Pseudarbudas Tarmann, 1992
- Pseudoamuria Tarmann, 2004
- Pseudoinope Efetov & Tarmann, 1999
- Pseudonyctemera Snellen, 1903
- Pseudopidorus Yen & Yang, 1997
- Pseudoprocris Druce, 1884
- Pseudoscaptesyle Hering, 1922
- Pycnoctena Felder, 1874
- Retina Walker, 1854
- Rhagades Wallengren, 1863
- Rhodopsona Jordan, 1907
- Rjabovia Efetov & Tarmann, 1995
- Roccia Alberti, 1954
- Saliunca Walker, 1865
- Saliuncella Jordan, 1907
- Sciodoclea Jordan, 1907
- Seryda Walker, 1856
- Setiodes Herrich-Schäffer, 1866
- Sinica Rebel, 1915
- 黄点黑斑蛾属 Soritia Walker, 1854
- Sthenoprocris Hampson, 1920
- Stylura Burmeister, 1878
- Syringura Holland, 1893
- Tarmannita Efetov, 2000
- Tascia Walker, 1856
- Tasema Walker, 1856
- Tetraclonia Jordan, 1913
- Thaumastophleps Jordan, 1907
- Theresimima Strand, 1917
- Thibetana Efetov & Tarmann, 1995
- Thyrassia Butler, 1876
- Tremewania Efetov & Tarmann, 1999
- Triacanthia Romieux, 1937
- Triprocris Grote, 1873
- Trypanophora Kollar, 1844
- Turneriprocris Bryk, 1936
- Urodopsis Jordan, 1913
- Vogleria Weyenbergh, 1876
- Watermenia Owada & Horie, 2002
- Wiegelia Efetov & Tarmann, 1995
- Xenoprocris Romieux, 1937
- Zikanella Hering, 1932
- Zygaena Fabricius, 1775
- Zygaenites Burgeff, 1951
- Zygaenoprocris Hampson, 1900
常见物种
萤斑蛾亚科 （Chalcosiinae）
前翅形状较为宽广，体型中大。触角前端呈扇状者居多。
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红带钳尾斑蛾
Achelura sanguifasciata -
山龙眼萤斑蛾
Erasmia pulchella hobsoni -
重阳木萤斑蛾
Histia flabellicornis -
蓬莱萤斑蛾
Milleria formosana contradicta -
玉带斑蛾
Pidorus atratus
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小斑蛾亚科 （Procridinae）
体型较短小，静止时两翅多并拢呈屋檐状。
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海南禾斑蛾
Artona hainana -
蓬莱蓝纹斑蛾
Clelea formosana -
透翅硕班蛾
Hysteroscene hyalina
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斑蛾亚科 （Zygaeninae）
前翅较为狭长；触角多为细长状或棍棒状。多数分布于欧洲、北非等地（除中华毛斑蛾外）
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参见
- 斑蛾科属名列表（英语维基连结）
参考文献
- ^ The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity. Oxford Univ. Press.
- ^ Zygaenidae -An overview. ScienceDirect. 2011 [2018-02].
- ^ 存档副本. [2018-02-19]. （原始内容存档于2012-09-30）.
- ^ Naumann, C.M., Tarmann, G.M. & Tremewan, W.G. (1999). The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae. Apollo Books.
- ^ Zygaenidae. GBIF. [2023-03-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-12）.
