毛霉属
真菌的一属
毛霉属（学名：Mucor）是一个包含大约有十多个物种的霉菌属，普遍可在泥土、植物的表面、腐烂的蔬果或消化系统中找到它，它可以制作豆腐乳。
毛霉属
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| Mucor sp. | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 真菌界 Fungi |
| 门： | 毛霉门 Mucoromycota |
| 纲： | 毛霉纲 Mucoromycetes |
| 目： | 毛霉目 Mucorales |
| 科： | 毛霉科 Mucoraceae |
| 属： | 毛霉属 Mucor Fresen. |
| 品种 | |
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见段落。 | |
| 异名 | |
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描述
霉菌是一种真菌，它的菌落的颜色一般呈现白色、米黄色到灰色，生长快速，在适合的培植介质中可以生长至数厘米高。当菌落成熟，由于孢子的发展，使菌落的颜色变成灰或褐色。
繁殖
部分品种（Mucor mucedo）无性繁殖。当孢子囊柄（sporangiophore）直立及发育成熟，孢子囊柄顶端胀大形成球状孢子囊（sporangium），内装单核单倍体孢子（sporangiospore）。孢子囊顶端的囊轴向孢子囊伸出，囊壁随之爆开并释出孢子。
有性繁殖时，部分短小菌丝形成配子囊（gametangia），当两合适之配子囊接合，便形成球状、具厚壁的接合孢子囊（zygosporangium）。接合孢子囊内藏一个接合孢子（zygospore）。接合孢子囊内进行核配（karyogamy）和减数分裂，可能可抵御外在的恶劣环境。毛霉属包括同宗配合（雌雄同株）和异宗配合（雌雄异株）的种。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：[1]
- Mucor abortisporangium H. Zhao, Y.C. Dai, Yuan Yuan & X.Y. Liu 2023
- Mucor abundans Povah
- Mucor adventitius Oudem.
- Mucor albus Schrank
- Mucor aligarensis B.S.Mehrotra & B.R.Mehrotra
- Mucor amethysteus Berk.
- Mucor amethystinus L.Wagner & G.Walther
- Mucor amphibiorum Schipper, 1978
- Mucor amphisporus H. Zhao, Y.C. Dai, Yuan Yuan & X.Y. Liu 2023
- Mucor ardhlaengiktus B.S.Mehrotra & B.M.Mehrotra
- Mucor ascheae Y.P. Tan, Bishop-Hurley & R.G. Shivas 2023
- Mucor aseptatophorus V.G.Hurdeal, E.Gentekaki, K.D.Hyde & H.B.Lee, 2021
- Mucor atramentarius L.Wagner & G.Walther
- Mucor azygosporus R.K.Benj.
- Mucor bacilliformis Hesselt.
- Mucor bainieri B.S.Mehrotra & Baijal
- Mucor bondarzevii S.A.Kulik
- Mucor caatinguensis A.L.Santiago, C.A.F.de Souza & D.X.Lima
- Mucor caninus Pers.
- Mucor chiangraiensis V.G.Hurdeal, E.Gentekaki, K.D.Hyde & H.B.Lee, 2021
- Mucor circinatus D.X.Lima, G.Walther & A.L.Santiago
- Mucor circinelloides Tiegh.
- Mucor clavatus Link
- Mucor corticola Hagem
- Mucor ctenidius (Durrell & M.Fleming) Walther & de Hoog
- Mucor delicatus L.S.Loh & Kuthub.
- Mucor durus Walther & de Hoog
- Mucor ellipsoideus E.Álvarez, Cano, Stchigel, Deanna A.Sutton & Guarro
- Mucor endophyticus (R.Y.Zheng & H.Jiang) J.Pawłowska & Walther
- Mucor erectus Bainier
- Mucor eugeniae L.S.Loh & Nawawi
- Mucor eugenieae L.S.Loh & Nawawi
- Mucor exponens (Burgeff) Walther & de Hoog
- Mucor falcatus Schipper
- Mucor fimetarius Link
- Mucor flavus Bainier
- Mucor fluvii Hyang B.Lee, S.H.Lee & T.T.T.Nguyen
- Mucor fragilis (Tode) Traverso
- Mucor fragilis Bainier
- Mucor fuscus (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Berl. & De Toni
- Mucor fuscus Bainier
- Mucor fusiformis Walther & de Hoog
- Mucor genevensis Lendn.
- Mucor geophilus Oudem.
- Mucor gigasporus G.Q.Chen & R.Y.Zheng
- Mucor griseocyanus Hagem
- Mucor grylli Hyang B.Lee & T.T.T.Nguyen, 2022[2]
- Mucor guilliermondii Nadson & Filippov
- Mucor hachijyoensis Ts.Watan.
- 异配囊接霉 Mucor heterogamus Vuill.
- Mucor hiemalis Wehmer
- Mucor hyangburmii Hyang B.Lee & T.T.T.Nguyen, 2022[2]
- Mucor hygrophilus Oudem.
- Mucor inaequisporus Dade
- 印度毛霉 Mucor indicus Lendn.
- Mucor irregularis Stchigel, Cano, Guarro & E.Álvarez
- 日本毛霉 Mucor japonicus (Komin.) Walther & de Hoog
- 朝鲜毛霉 Mucor koreanus Hyang B.Lee, S.J.Jeon & T.T.Nguyen
- Mucor kunryangriensis Hyang B.Lee & T.T.T.Nguyen, 2022[2]
- Mucor lahorensis J.H.Mirza, S.M.Khan, S.Begum & Shagufta
- Mucor lanceolatus Hermet
- Mucor lausannensis Lendn.
- Mucor laxorrhizus Y.Ling
- Mucor lilianae Voglmayr & Clémençon
- Mucor limbiflorus (Tode) Sacc. & Traverso
- Mucor lusitanicus Bruderl.
- Mucor luteus Linnem. ex Wrzosek
- Mucor megalocarpus Walther & de Hoog
- Mucor meguroensis Ts.Watan.
- Mucor merdicola C.A.F.de Souza & A.L.Santiago
- Mucor microsporus Naumov
- Mucor microsporus Wamyslowski
- Mucor minimus (Tode) Link
- Mucor minutus (Baijal & B.S.Mehrotra) Schipper
- Mucor moelleri (Vuill.) Lendn.
- Mucor mousanensis Baijal & B.S.Mehrotra
- 大毛霉 Mucor mucedo Fresen.
- Mucor mucedo Lend.Ex Fries
- Mucor multiplex (R.Y.Zheng) Walther & de Hoog
- Mucor nanus Schipper & Samson
- Mucor nidicola A.A.Madden, Stchigel, Guarro, Deanna A.Sutton & Starks
- Mucor nucuum (Corda) Berl. & De Toni
- Mucor odoratus Treschew
- Mucor oosporus Link
- Mucor orantomantidis Hyang B.Lee, P.M.Kirk & T.T.T.
- Mucor orodatus Treschew
- Mucor pakistanicus J.H.Mirza, S.M.Khan, S.Begum & Shagufta
- Mucor parviseptatus Walther & de Hoog
- Mucor parvispora Knonse
- Mucor pernambucoensis C.L.Lima, D.X.Lima & A.L.Santiago
- Mucor piriformis A.Fischer
- Mucor plasmaticus Tiegh.
- Mucor plumbeus Bonord.
- Mucor prayagensis B.S.Mehrotra & Nand ex Schipper
- Mucor pseudocircinelloides L.Wagner & G.Walther
- Mucor pseudolusitanicus L.Wagner & G.Walther
- Mucor psychrophilus Milko
- Mucor punjabensis J.H.Mirza, S.M.Khan, S.Begum & Shagufta
- Mucor racemosus Bull., 1791
- Mucor racemosus Fresen.
- Mucor ramosissimus Samouts.
- Mucor ravidus L.S.Loh & Nawawi
- Mucor renisporus K.Jacobs & Botha
- 荣氏毛霉 Mucor rongii F.R. Bai & C. Cheng
- Mucor rudolphii Voglmayr & Clémençon
- Mucor saprophilus Novot.
- Mucor sarawakensis L.S.Loh & Nawawi
- Mucor saturninus Hagem
- Mucor silvaticus Hagem
- 中华毛霉 Mucor sinensis Milko & Beliakova
- Mucor souzae C.A.de Souza, D.X.Lima & A.L.Santiago
- Mucor speciosus Oudem.
- Mucor stercorarius Hyang B.Lee, P.M.Kirk & T.T.T.Nguyen
- Mucor stercoreus (Tode) Link
- Mucor stilbum (Tode) Sacc. & Traverso
- Mucor strictus Hagem
- Mucor subtilissimus Oudem.
- Mucor succosus Berk.
- Mucor suhagiensis M.D.Mehrotra
- Mucor sympodialis L.S.Loh & Kuthub.
- Mucor tanatus L.S.Loh & Nawawi
- Mucor tenellus (Tode) Pers.
- Mucor tenuis Link
- Mucor thermohyalospora Subrahm.
- Mucor troglophilus Zalar
- Mucor ucrainicus Milko
- Mucor variicolumellatus L.Wagner & G.Walther
- Mucor variosporus Schipper
- Mucor verticillatus L.S.Loh & Kuthub.
- Mucor viridescens Linnaeus, 1771
- Mucor zonatus Milko
- Mucor zychae Baijal & B.S.Mehrotra
其他
因为大部分毛霉属无法在温暖环境中生长（接近摄氏37度），它们多不会感染人类和温血动物。耐热品种（Mucor indicus）可致坏死性且能快速传播的接合菌病。
参考资料
- ^ Mucor Fresen., 1850. [2022-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-09）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyen, T.T.T.; Lee, H.B. Discovery of Three New Mucor Species Associated with Cricket Insects in Korea. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060601
外部链接
- Mucor （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at Zygomycetes.org
- Mucor species （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） from Index Fungorum
- Mucor page （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） from Index Fungorum