氢羟肾上腺皮质素
维基媒体永久重复页面
氢羟肾上腺皮质素(英语:Hydrocortisone),又称氢化皮质酮或氢化可体松,是皮质醇作为药物的名称[13]。它是一种糖皮质激素,具有抗炎和免疫抑制作用。可以治疗:肾上腺机能不全、肾上腺生殖器综合症、高血钙、甲状腺炎、类风湿性关节炎、皮肤炎、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)等疾病[1]。它是治疗肾上腺机能不全的首选药物[14]。此药可以口服、局部涂抹或注射给药[1]。在长期使用而要停药时,应逐渐减少后才能完全停用[1]。
临床资料 | |
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商品名 | A-hydrocort, Cortef, Solu-cortef, others[1] |
其他名称 | Cortisol; 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione; 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxyprogesterone |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682206 |
核准状况 | |
怀孕分级 | |
给药途径 | 口服给药 (片剂), 静脉注射, 外涂, 肛门给药 |
药物类别 | 皮质类固醇; 糖皮质素; 矿物皮质素 |
ATC码 | |
法律规范状态 | |
法律规范 | |
药物动力学数据 | |
生物利用度 | 口服: 96 ± 20%[10][11] |
血浆蛋白结合率 | 92 ± 2% (92–93%)[10][11] |
药物代谢 | 11β-HSDs, 其它[11] |
代谢产物 | 可体松, 其它[11] |
药效起始时间 | 口服: 1.2 ± 0.4 hours (Tmax)[10] |
生物半衰期 | 1.2–2.0 小时[10][11] |
作用时间 | 8–12 小时[12] |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 50-23-7 |
PubChem CID | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | C21H30O5 |
摩尔质量 | 362.47 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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它的副作用包括情绪改变、增加感染风险和水肿等[1]。长期使用后,常见副作用包括骨质疏松、胃部不适、身体虚弱、容易瘀青和念珠菌感染[1]。虽然可以在怀孕期使用,但安全性仍未确认[15]。
此药于 1936 年获得专利,并于 1941 年获准用于治疗[16] [17]。并列入世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单[18],市面上有多家学名药[1]。2014年发展中国家每日口服药物的每日费用约0.27美元[19]。在美国,一个月的治疗费用通常不到 25美元[20]。 2017 年,它是美国最常用处方药的第 154 名,开立的处方超过 400 万张[21] [22]。
参考资料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Hydrocortisone. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. February 9, 2015 [30 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于20 September 2016).
- ^ Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). [21 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于20 December 2016).
- ^ Hydrocortisone Notice of enforcement policy (PDF). FDA. [31 December 2022]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于12 March 2023).
- ^ Ala-cort- hydrocortisone cream. DailyMed. [21 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于27 October 2020).
- ^ Ala-scalp- hydrocortisone lotion. DailyMed. [21 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于21 April 2021).
- ^ Alkindi Sprinkle- hydrocortisone granule. DailyMed. [21 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于10 February 2022).
- ^ Anusol HC- hydrocortisone acetate suppository. DailyMed. [21 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于10 February 2022).
- ^ Cortef- hydrocortisone tablet. DailyMed. [21 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2021).
- ^ Efmody EPAR. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 24 March 2021 [14 June 2021]. (原始内容存档于14 June 2021). Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Czock D, Keller F, Rasche FM, Häussler U. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2005, 44 (1): 61–98. PMID 15634032. S2CID 24458998. doi:10.2165/00003088-200544010-00003.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Lennernäs H, Skrtic S, Johannsson G. Replacement therapy of oral hydrocortisone in adrenal insufficiency: the influence of gastrointestinal factors. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology. June 2008, 4 (6): 749–758. PMID 18611115. S2CID 73248541. doi:10.1517/17425255.4.6.749.
- ^ Liu D, Ahmet A, Ward L, Krishnamoorthy P, Mandelcorn ED, Leigh R, Brown JP, Cohen A, Kim H. A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. August 2013, 9 (1): 30. PMC 3765115 . PMID 23947590. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-9-30 .
- ^ Becker, Kenneth L. Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001: 762. ISBN 9780781717502. (原始内容存档于2016-09-14) (英语).
- ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 202. ISBN 9781284057560.
- ^ Hydrocortisone Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings. Drugs.com. [1 September 2016]. (原始内容存档于20 September 2016).
- ^ 美国专利第2,183,589号
- ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin. Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. 2006: 484 [2019-03-01]. ISBN 9783527607495. (原始内容存档于2019-03-02) (英语).
- ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016).
- ^ Hydrocortisone. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [1 September 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-27).
- ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 202. ISBN 9781284057560.
- ^ The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. (原始内容存档于12 February 2021).
- ^ Hydrocortisone - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. (原始内容存档于12 April 2020).