温室粉虱

温室粉虱
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	半翅目 Hemiptera
科：	粉虱科 Aleyrodidae
属：	棘粉虱属 Trialeurodes
种：	温室粉虱 T. vaporariorum
二名法
	Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Westwood, 1856

温室粉虱（学名：Trialeurodes vaporariorum）又名温室白粉虱、白粉虱，是粉虱科棘粉虱属的一种昆虫^[1]^[2]。该种在世界范围内广泛分布，是众多果蔬和花卉上的重要害虫，其寄主植物包括112个科600多种^[3]，喜欢的寄主植物包括烟草、番茄以及雪莲果等^[2]。

温室粉虱通过直接刺吸植株叶片、分泌蜜露引起煤污病以及传播病毒等方式为害植物^[4]。

防治

温室粉虱的防治主要依靠化学手段，然而由于长期大量使用化学农药，导致温室白粉虱的抗药性不断增强，分布范围持续扩大，危害程度不断升级，也带来环境污染等问题^[5]^[6]^[7]。由于温室粉虱成虫体表附着蜡粉，使得触杀性农药难以有效杀灭^[8]^[9]^[10]。

生物防治技术也是对抗温室白粉虱的一种有效手段，其效果与传统化学防治相近^[2]。

参考文献

^ 温室粉虱 Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, 1856. 台湾物种名录. 台湾: 中央研究院生物多样性研究中心. [2013-01-24] （中文（台湾））.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 朱琳; 陈永明，臧连生. 基于年龄-阶段两性生命表的温室白粉虱对三种重要寄主植物的适应性. 环境昆虫学报. 2023, 45 (2): 442–450 [2024-03-08].
^ Jones, David R. Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2003, 109 (3): 195–219. doi:10.1023/A:1022846630513.
^ Perring, TM; Cooper, AD; Rodriguez, RJ; Farrar, CA; Bellows TS, Jr. Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioral studies.. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1993-01-01, 259 (5091): 74–7. PMID 8418497. doi:10.1126/science.8418497.
^ Gorman, K; Hewitt, F; Denholm, I; Devine, GJ. New developments in insecticide resistance in the glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in the UK.. Pest management science. 2002-02, 58 (2): 123–30. PMID 11852636. doi:10.1002/ps.427.
^ Guedes, RN; Smagghe, G; Stark, JD; Desneux, N. Pesticide-Induced Stress in Arthropod Pests for Optimized Integrated Pest Management Programs.. Annual review of entomology. 2016, 61: 43–62. PMID 26473315. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023646.
^ Mohammed, Abd Allah A. H.; Desneux, Nicolas; Fan, Yinjun; Han, Peng; Ali, Abid; Song, Dunlun; Gao, Xi-Wu. Impact of imidacloprid and natural enemies on cereal aphids: Integration or ecosystem service disruption?. Entomologia Generalis. 2017-12-01, 37 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1127/entomologia/2017/0471.
^ Nauen, R; Bielza, P; Denholm, I; Gorman, K. Age-specific expression of resistance to a neonicotinoid insecticide in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.. Pest management science. 2008-11, 64 (11): 1106–10. PMID 18798168. doi:10.1002/ps.1654.
^ Longhurst, C; Babcock, JM; Denholm, I; Gorman, K; Thomas, JD; Sparks, TC. Cross-resistance relationships of the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor with neonicotinoids and other insecticides in the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum.. Pest management science. 2013-07, 69 (7): 809–13. PMID 23203347. doi:10.1002/ps.3439.
^ 李清华; 张奇珍, 余曼丽, 尹明明, 李文明, 陈福良. 噻虫胺在黄瓜叶片中累积量与对温室白粉虱防治效果的相关性及残留消解动态. 农药学学报. 2021, 23 (5): 938–946 [2024-03-08]. doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0105. （原始内容存档于2024-03-08）.

[1] 温室粉虱 Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, 1856. 台湾物种名录. 台湾: 中央研究院生物多样性研究中心. [2013-01-24] （中文（台湾））.

[hjkcxb202302016-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 朱琳; 陈永明，臧连生. 基于年龄-阶段两性生命表的温室白粉虱对三种重要寄主植物的适应性. 环境昆虫学报. 2023, 45 (2): 442–450 [2024-03-08].

[3] Jones, David R. Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2003, 109 (3): 195–219. doi:10.1023/A:1022846630513.

[4] Perring, TM; Cooper, AD; Rodriguez, RJ; Farrar, CA; Bellows TS, Jr. Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioral studies.. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1993-01-01, 259 (5091): 74–7. PMID 8418497. doi:10.1126/science.8418497.

[5] Gorman, K; Hewitt, F; Denholm, I; Devine, GJ. New developments in insecticide resistance in the glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in the UK.. Pest management science. 2002-02, 58 (2): 123–30. PMID 11852636. doi:10.1002/ps.427.

[6] Guedes, RN; Smagghe, G; Stark, JD; Desneux, N. Pesticide-Induced Stress in Arthropod Pests for Optimized Integrated Pest Management Programs.. Annual review of entomology. 2016, 61: 43–62. PMID 26473315. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023646.

[7] Mohammed, Abd Allah A. H.; Desneux, Nicolas; Fan, Yinjun; Han, Peng; Ali, Abid; Song, Dunlun; Gao, Xi-Wu. Impact of imidacloprid and natural enemies on cereal aphids: Integration or ecosystem service disruption?. Entomologia Generalis. 2017-12-01, 37 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1127/entomologia/2017/0471.

[8] Nauen, R; Bielza, P; Denholm, I; Gorman, K. Age-specific expression of resistance to a neonicotinoid insecticide in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.. Pest management science. 2008-11, 64 (11): 1106–10. PMID 18798168. doi:10.1002/ps.1654.

[9] Longhurst, C; Babcock, JM; Denholm, I; Gorman, K; Thomas, JD; Sparks, TC. Cross-resistance relationships of the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor with neonicotinoids and other insecticides in the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum.. Pest management science. 2013-07, 69 (7): 809–13. PMID 23203347. doi:10.1002/ps.3439.

[10] 李清华; 张奇珍, 余曼丽, 尹明明, 李文明, 陈福良. 噻虫胺在黄瓜叶片中累积量与对温室白粉虱防治效果的相关性及残留消解动态. 农药学学报. 2021, 23 (5): 938–946 [2024-03-08]. doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0105. （原始内容存档于2024-03-08）.

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