纺锤体神经元

纺锤体神经元（英文：Spindle neuron），又称冯·艾克诺默神经元（Von Economo neuron），是一种有着纺锤形状细胞体的神经元，位于某些哺乳动物的大脑皮层（第5层）^[1]^[2]^[3]。在人脑中，纺锤体神经元位于前扣带皮层、前岛叶皮层^[1]^[2]。纺锤体神经元属于双极神经元，纺锤顶上有一个轴突，并且在反方向只有一个树突^[2]。其命名是纪念发现者、奥地利神经学家康斯坦丁·冯·艾克诺默^[4]。

纺锤体神经元是体型较大的细胞，被认为可能是一些脑部较大物种（人科、大象以及鲸豚类物种）能够进行快速交流的基础，从而形成“社交”^[5]^[6]。纺锤体神经元受损可能导致社交障碍以及情感功能障碍^[1]。

参见

自闭症

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Butti, Camilla; Santos, Micaela; Uppal, Neha; Hof, Patrick R. Von Economo neurons: Clinical and evolutionary perspectives. Cortex. 2013-01-01, 49 (1): 312–326 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 0010-9452. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.10.004. （原始内容存档于2013-01-17）（英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Hodge, Rebecca D.; Miller, Jeremy A.; Novotny, Mark; Kalmbach, Brian E.; Ting, Jonathan T.; Bakken, Trygve E.; Aevermann, Brian D.; Barkan, Eliza R.; Berkowitz-Cerasano, Madeline L. Transcriptomic evidence that von Economo neurons are regionally specialized extratelencephalic-projecting excitatory neurons. Nature Communications. 2020-03-03, 11 (1): 1172 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14952-3. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）（英语）.
^ Allman, John M.; Tetreault, Nicole A.; Hakeem, Atiya Y.; Manaye, Kebreten F.; Semendeferi, Katerina; Erwin, Joseph M.; Park, Soyoung; Goubert, Virginie; Hof, Patrick R. The von Economo neurons in frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex in great apes and humans. Brain Structure & Function. 2010-06, 214 (5-6): 495–517 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 1863-2661. PMID 20512377. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0254-0. （原始内容存档于2022-01-20）.
^ Kaya, Yasemin; Uysal, Hilmi; Akkoyunlu, Gokhan; Sarikcioglu, Levent. Constantin von Economo (1876–1931) and his legacy to neuroscience. Child's Nervous System. 2016-02-01, 32 (2): 217–220. ISSN 1433-0350. doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2647-0 （英语）.
^ Brain Cells for Socializing. Smithsonian Magazine. [2021-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-23）（英语）.
^ Spindle Neuron - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-08）（英语）.

外部链接

Science新闻：成也于斯，败也于斯——纺锤体神经元（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Butti, Camilla; Santos, Micaela; Uppal, Neha; Hof, Patrick R. Von Economo neurons: Clinical and evolutionary perspectives. Cortex. 2013-01-01, 49 (1): 312–326 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 0010-9452. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.10.004. （原始内容存档于2013-01-17）（英语）.

[:1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Hodge, Rebecca D.; Miller, Jeremy A.; Novotny, Mark; Kalmbach, Brian E.; Ting, Jonathan T.; Bakken, Trygve E.; Aevermann, Brian D.; Barkan, Eliza R.; Berkowitz-Cerasano, Madeline L. Transcriptomic evidence that von Economo neurons are regionally specialized extratelencephalic-projecting excitatory neurons. Nature Communications. 2020-03-03, 11 (1): 1172 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14952-3. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）（英语）.

[3] Allman, John M.; Tetreault, Nicole A.; Hakeem, Atiya Y.; Manaye, Kebreten F.; Semendeferi, Katerina; Erwin, Joseph M.; Park, Soyoung; Goubert, Virginie; Hof, Patrick R. The von Economo neurons in frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex in great apes and humans. Brain Structure & Function. 2010-06, 214 (5-6): 495–517 [2021-04-04]. ISSN 1863-2661. PMID 20512377. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0254-0. （原始内容存档于2022-01-20）.

[4] Kaya, Yasemin; Uysal, Hilmi; Akkoyunlu, Gokhan; Sarikcioglu, Levent. Constantin von Economo (1876–1931) and his legacy to neuroscience. Child's Nervous System. 2016-02-01, 32 (2): 217–220. ISSN 1433-0350. doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2647-0 （英语）.

[5] Brain Cells for Socializing. Smithsonian Magazine. [2021-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-23）（英语）.

[6] Spindle Neuron - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-08）（英语）.

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