美国原住民
此条目介绍的是美国境内的原住民。关于整个美洲范围内的类似概念，请见“美洲原住民”。此条目可参照英语维基百科相应条目来扩充。 (2020年3月31日) |
美国原住民（英语：Native Americans），在不同场合与背景下也称作美国印第安人（American Indians）、美国土著（Indigenous Americans）或简称印第安人（Indians），基本上美国原住民是指美国本土再加上阿拉斯加州的原住民，是在美国境内保留有部分主权的逾500个美洲原住民部落之成员的统称，有时也会包括源于北美其他国家或是南美的美洲原住民。偶尔也会将夏威夷族或是其他美籍的太平洋岛原住民包括在内。
| 美国原住民 | |
|---|---|
 截至2020年美国人口普查，美国五十个州、华盛顿哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各各县的土著美国人比例 | |
| 总人口 | |
| 美国印第安人与阿拉斯加原住民 （2010年人口普查）[1] 单一族群：2,932,248 多个族群混合：2,288,331 总数：5,220,579 | |
| 分布地区 | |
| 以美国西部为主；亦有少量分布见于美国东部 | |
| 语言 | |
| 美洲原住民语言 （包括纳瓦荷语、中阿拉斯加尤皮克语、达科他语、西阿帕奇语、克勒斯语、切罗基语、祖尼语、奥杰布瓦语和奥哈姆语[2]) 英语、西班牙语、法语、俄语 | |
| 宗教信仰 | |
| 相关族群 | |
人口统计
截至2020年美国人口普查，美国各州、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各的原住民比例
自1880年以来的人口
| 州/年 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 阿拉巴马州
|
0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.7% |
 阿拉斯加州
|
98.7% | 79.1% | 46.5% | 39.4% | 48.3% | 50.6% | 44.8% | 26.3% | 19.1% | 16.8% | 16.0% | 15.6% | 15.6% | 14.8% | 15.2% |
 亚利桑那州
|
37.5% | 34.0% | 21.5% | 14.3% | 9.9% | 10.0% | 11.0% | 8.8% | 6.4% | 5.4% | 5.6% | 5.6% | 5.0% | 4.6% | 4.5% |
 阿肯色州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.9% |
 加利福尼亚州
|
2.4% | 1.4% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.6% |
 科罗拉多州
|
1.4% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 1.3% |
 康涅狄格州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
 德拉瓦州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.5% |
 佛罗里达州
|
0.3% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
 乔治亚州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% |
 夏威夷州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
 爱达荷州
|
10.0% | 4.8% | 2.6% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.4% |
 伊利诺伊州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.8% |
 印第安纳州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
 爱荷华州
|
0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
 堪萨斯州
|
0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 1.1% |
 肯塔基州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% |
 路易斯安那州
|
0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.7% |
 缅因州
|
0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
 马里兰州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
 马萨诸塞州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
 密歇根州
|
1.1% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
 明尼苏达州
|
1.1% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.2% |
 密西西比州
|
0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% |
 密苏里州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% |
 蒙大拿州
|
38.3% | 7.8% | 4.7% | 0.8% | 2.0% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 3.1% | 3.9% | 4.7% | 6.0% | 6.2% | 6.3% | 6.2% |
 内布拉斯加州
|
1.0% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 1.2% |
 内华达州
|
13.9% | 10.9% | 12.3% | 6.4% | 6.3% | 5.3% | 4.3% | 3.1% | 2.3% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.4% |
 新罕布什尔州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
 新泽西州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.6% |
 新墨西哥州
|
23.2% | 9.4% | 6.7% | 6.3% | 5.4% | 6.8% | 6.5% | 6.2% | 5.9% | 7.2% | 8.1% | 8.9% | 9.5% | 9.4% | 10.0% |
 纽约州
|
0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% |
 北卡罗莱纳州
|
0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.1% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.2% | 1.3% | 1.2% |
 北达科他州
|
18.6% | 4.3% | 2.2% | 1.1% | 1.0% | 1.2% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.9% | 2.3% | 3.1% | 4.1% | 4.9% | 5.4% | 5.0% |
 南达科他州
|
17.2% | 5.7% | 5.0% | 3.3% | 2.6% | 3.2% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 3.8% | 4.9% | 6.5% | 7.3% | 8.3% | 8.8% | 8.8% |
 俄亥俄州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% |
 奥克拉荷马州
|
100.0% | 24.9% | 8.2% | 4.5% | 2.8% | 3.9% | 2.7% | 2.4% | 2.8% | 3.8% | 5.6% | 8.0% | 7.9% | 8.6% | 8.4% |
 俄勒冈州
|
3.5% | 1.6% | 1.2% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 1.0% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.5% |
 宾夕法尼亚州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
 罗德岛州
|
0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.7% |
 南卡罗莱纳州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
 田纳西州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
 德克萨斯州
|
0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.0% |
 犹他州
|
0.9% | 1.6% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 1.1% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.3% |
 佛蒙特州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
 维吉尼亚州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
 华盛顿州
|
20.8% | 3.1% | 1.9% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.0% | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 1.5% | 1.6% |
 西弗吉尼亚州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
 威斯康辛州
|
0.8% | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 1.0% |
 怀俄明州
|
9.6% | 2.9% | 1.8% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.4% |
 华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% |
 波多黎各
|
0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% | ||||||||||||
 美国
|
0.7% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.1% |
人口分布
城市迁移
按部落分组的人口
| 部落分组 | 部落旗 | 部落徽章 | 据报导，仅美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民一个部落群体 | 据报导，仅美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民不止一个部落群体 | 据报导，美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民混合一个部落分组 | 据报导，美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民混合了多个部落群体 | 美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民部落单独分组或以任何组合混合 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总共 | 2,879,638 | 52,610 | 2,209,267 | 79,064 | 5,220,579 | ||
| 阿帕契族 | 63,193 | 6,501 | 33,303 | 8,813 | 111,810 | ||
| 阿拉帕霍人 | 
|
8,014 | 388 | 2,084 | 375 | 10,861 | |
| 皮冈黑脚人 | 27,279 | 4,519 | 54,109 | 19,397 | 105,304 | ||
| 加拿大和法国美洲印第安人 |  
|
6,433 | 618 | 6,981 | 790 | 14,822 | |
| 中美洲印第安人 | 15,882 | 572 | 10,865 | 525 | 27,844 | ||
| 切罗基人 | 
|
|
284,247 | 16,216 | 468,082 | 50,560 | 819,105 |
| 夏安族（北方和南方） | 
|
11,375 | 1,118 | 5,311 | 1,247 | 19,051 | |
| 契卡索人 | 
|
27,973 | 2,233 | 19,220 | 2,852 | 52,278 | |
| 奥吉布瓦族 | 
|
|
112,757 | 2,645 | 52,091 | 3,249 | 170,742 |
| 乔克托族 | 
|
|
103,910 | 6,398 | 72,101 | 13,355 | 195,764 |
| 可维尔人 | 8,114 | 200 | 2,148 | 87 | 10,549 | ||
| 科曼奇人 | 
|
12,284 | 1,187 | 8,131 | 1,728 | 23,330 | |
| 克里族 | 
|
2,211 | 739 | 4,023 | 1,010 | 7,983 | |
| 克里克人 | 
|
|
48,352 | 4,596 | 30,618 | 4,766 | 88,332 |
| 克罗族 | 
|
10,332 | 528 | 3,309 | 1,034 | 15,203 | |
| 莱纳佩人 | 
|
7,843 | 372 | 9,439 | 610 | 18,264 | |
| 霍皮族 | 
|
12,580 | 2,054 | 3,013 | 680 | 18,327 | |
| 霍马人 | 
|
8,169 | 71 | 2,438 | 90 | 10,768 | |
| 易洛魁联盟 | 
|
|
40,570 | 1,891 | 34,490 | 4,051 | 81,002 |
| 基奥瓦人 | 
|
9,437 | 918 | 2,947 | 485 | 13,787 | |
| 卢姆比人 | 62,306 | 651 | 10,039 | 695 | 73,691 | ||
| 梅诺米尼人 | 
|
8,374 | 253 | 2,330 | 176 | 11,133 | |
| 墨西哥原住民裔美国人 | 121,221 | 2,329 | 49,670 | 2,274 | 175,494 | ||
| 纳瓦荷人 | 
|
|
286,731 | 8,285 | 32,918 | 4,195 | 332,129 |
| 欧塞奇族 | 
|
8,938 | 1,125 | 7,090 | 1,423 | 18,576 | |
| 渥太华人 | 7,272 | 776 | 4,274 | 711 | 13,033 | ||
| 派尤特人 | 9,340 | 865 | 3,135 | 427 | 13,767 | ||
| 皮马人 | 
|
22,040 | 1,165 | 3,116 | 334 | 26,655 | |
| 波多沃米人 | 
|
20,412 | 462 | 12,249 | 648 | 33,771 | |
| 培布罗人 | 
|
49,695 | 2,331 | 9,568 | 946 | 62,540 | |
| 海岸萨利希人 | 14,320 | 215 | 5,540 | 185 | 20,260 | ||
| 塞米诺尔人 | 
|
14,080 | 2,368 | 12,447 | 3,076 | 31,971 | |
| 休休尼人 | 7,852 | 610 | 3,969 | 571 | 13,002 | ||
| 苏族 | 
|
112,176 | 4,301 | 46,964 | 6,669 | 170,110 | |
| 南美洲印第安人 | 20,901 | 479 | 25,015 | 838 | 47,233 | ||
| 西班牙裔美国人印第安人 | 13,460 | 298 | 6,012 | 181 | 19,951 | ||
| 托赫诺奥哈姆人 | 
|
19,522 | 725 | 3,033 | 198 | 23,478 | |
| 犹他人 | 
|
7,435 | 785 | 2,802 | 469 | 11,491 | |
| 雅基马人 | 8,786 | 310 | 2,207 | 224 | 11,527 | ||
| 亚基人 | 
|
21,679 | 1,516 | 8,183 | 1,217 | 32,595 | |
| 奎查恩人 | 
|
7,727 | 551 | 1,642 | 169 | 10,089 | |
| 所有其他美洲印第安部落 | 270,141 | 12,606 | 135,032 | 11,850 | 429,629 | ||
| 美国印第安部落，未指定 | 131,943 | 117 | 102,188 | 72 | 234,320 | ||
| 阿拉斯加原住民部落，指定 | 98,892 | 4,194 | 32,992 | 2,772 | 138,850 | ||
| 阿拉斯加阿萨巴斯卡人 | 15,623 | 804 | 5,531 | 526 | 22,484 | ||
| 阿留申人 | 11,920 | 723 | 6,108 | 531 | 19,282 | ||
| 因纽皮雅特人 | 24,859 | 877 | 7,051 | 573 | 33,360 | ||
| 海达族 | 
|
|
15,256 | 859 | 9,331 | 634 | 26,080 |
| 钦西安人 | 2,307 | 240 | 1,010 | 198 | 3,755 | ||
| 尤皮克人 | 28,927 | 691 | 3,961 | 310 | 33,889 | ||
| 阿拉斯加原住民部落，未指定 | 19,731 | 173 | 9,896 | 133 | 29,933 | ||
| 美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民部落，未指定 | 693,709 | no data | 852,253 | 1 | 1,545,963 |
参见
参考文献
- ^ Archived copy (PDF). [2013-05-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-04-29）. 2010 Census Bureau
- ^ Siebens, J & T Julian. Native North American Languages Spoken at Home in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2006–2010. United States Census Bureau. December 2011.