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阿美族的母系社会是一个

从称谓看阿美族的母系社会

一般来说“称谓”代表一个人的身份地位、社会阶级、职业，男 女之别。在传统社会里称谓是一种很重要的社会规范，在没有法律之 前用来维持社会和谐、家庭和睦、人际关系顺畅的重要依据。

阿美族的家庭制度更是重视称谓，而且善用称谓，这也是一个没 有文字记载，也没有成文法律的民族能够维持数千年的民族发展。现 在就以家庭制度常用的称谓来说明阿美族母系社会的特征。 台东马兰地区祖父母都称 fofo，父亲 wama，母亲 Ina，比自己年 长的叫 kaka，比自己年小的叫 safa，要分男女的时候， kaka a fainyan(比自己年长的男性)哥哥，姐姐就叫 kaka a fafahiyan(女)，弟 弟也是如此造句。

fofo 一词，在邻近的卑南族、排湾族通用，所以这词是不是受到 1 人和文化交流而相互借用就不得而知。fofo 一词又指称孙子(男女)， 也是一样三族通用。到了海岸阿美语，除了祖父母，孙子之外，其他 称谓大致上相同。

海岸阿美祖父(无称谓)，祖母 mamu。早期海岸阿美，从花莲的 公路只到丰滨，从台东只通到静浦。那时候的石子路不管从台东或从 花莲都要两个多小时才到达海岸线的中心点新港(现在的成功镇)， 因此海岸线是外来文明最晚到达的地方，也因此仍然保留了传统阿美 族的古语。

男性入赘同妻子的家人居住一屋，他最大的功能就是 misaparod (起灶)，也就是他如果能做到妻子家里产业发达，人丁兴旺，他就 是好女婿，受到家人、部落族人的敬仰。但是，在妻家仍然没有地位， 因此，没有任何称谓，年青时尚可称他 kadafo(女婿)，但是，到了 年老就很难再开口叫他 kadafo。阿美族人的 kadafo 其延外之意是少 说话多做事。

阿美族人喜欢在晚饭后一家人坐在庭院聊天，小孩子玩游戏，老 人家讲故事。此时 kadafo 跟家人会保持一段距离，如果地方小就会往 后一个位置坐，如果要叫坐在角落的男人(kadafo)，没有称谓，只能 喊“喂!”，那位某某小孩的爸爸。等到汉文化进来之后，才借用 akong(阿公)的称谓，才有了属于自己的专用称谓。

Understanding the Matrilineal Society of the Amis through Titles

Generally "titles" represent a person's identity, social status, occupation, and gender. In traditional societies, titles were a crucial social norm used to maintain social harmony, family cohesion, and smooth interpersonal relationships before the advent of formal laws. The family system of the Amis people places great emphasis on titles and makes effective use of them. This is one of the reasons why a culture without written records or formal laws has been able to sustain its development for thousands of years. Now, let's use the commonly used titles in the family system to illustrate the characteristics of the matrilineal society of the Amis people.

In the Malan area of Taitung County, grandparents are called "fofo" father is "wama," and mother is "Ina." An elder person is called "kaka" and a younger person is called "safa". To distinguish gender, an elder male is called "kaka a fainyan" (elder brother), and an elder female is called "kaka a fafahiyan" (elder sister). The same structure is used for younger .

The term "fofo" is commonly used among the neighboring Puyuma and Paiwan tribes. It is unclear whether this term was mutually borrowed due to human and cultural exchanges. The term "fofo" also refers to grandchildren (both male and female) and is similarly used by all three tribes. In the coastal Amis language, apart from grandparents and grandchildren, other titles are generally the same. In the Coastal Amis language, there is no specific title for grandfather, while grandmother is called "mamu" In the past, the coastal Amis region could only be accessed by road from Hualien to Fengbin and from Taitung to Jingpu. Back then, it took over two hours on gravel roads from either Taitung or Hualien to reach the central point of the coastline, Hsin Kang (present-day Chenkong Township). As a result, the coastline was the last area to be reached by outside civilizations, thus preserving the traditional ancient language of the Amis people. When a man marries into his wife's family and lives with them, his primary role is "misaparod" (starting the hearth). If he can contribute to the prosperity of his wife's family's estate and ensure a flourishing household, he is considered a good son-in-law and is respected by the family and the tribe. However, he still holds no significant status within his wife's family and therefore has no specific title. While he is young, he may be called 2 "kadafo" (son-in-law), but it becomes difficult to continue calling him "kadafo" as he grows older. The term "kadafo" in the Amis culture implies that he should speak little and work hard.

The Amis people enjoy sitting in the courtyard after dinner, chatting as a family, with children playing games and the elders telling stories. During these times, the "kadafo" (son-in-law) would keep some distance from the family. If the space is small, he would sit a bit further back. If someone needed to call the man sitting in the corner ("kadafo"), there was no specific title, so they would just shout, "Hey!" followed by identifying him as the father of a particular child. It was only after the introduction of Han culture that they borrowed the term "akong" (grandfather), giving the "kadafo" a specific title of his own.

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