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乔治·华盛顿共济会国家纪念堂

建筑物

乔治·华盛顿共济会国家纪念堂（英语：George Washington Masonic National Memorial）简称华盛顿纪念堂，是一座共济会建筑，位于华盛顿哥伦比亚特区郊区，弗吉尼亚州的亚历山德里亚 (弗吉尼亚州)。纪念第一任美国总统、共济会会员乔治·华盛顿。塔楼模仿古代埃及的亚历山大灯塔[3][4][5]。纪念堂高333-英尺（101-米）[5][6][7]，座落在射手山山顶[8][9]， Callahan Drive 101号.[3] 始建于1922年，[1] 1932年开幕[2]，内部在1970年最终完成[10]。

乔治·华盛顿共济会国家纪念堂
George Washington Masonic National Memorial
概要
类型共济会神殿[*]、美国国家纪念碑[*]
建筑风格新古典主义建筑、罗曼复兴式建筑、哥德复兴式建筑、新文艺复兴建筑
用途纪念建筑、神庙、博物馆
地点弗吉尼亚州亚历山德里亚 Callahan Drive101号
地址101 Callahan Dr, Alexandria, VA 22301
坐标38°48′27″N 77°03′58″W / 38.80748°N 77.06598°W / 38.80748; -77.06598
起造1922年6月5日[1]
竣工日1932
开放1932年5月12日[2]
造价$600万美元
所有者乔治华盛顿国家纪念碑协会[*]
高度
高度101 米
屋顶333英尺（101米）
技术细节
层数9
电梯数2
设计与建造
建筑师Harvey Wiley Corbett of Helmle & Corbett
保护情况美国国家历史名胜、国家历史遗迹登记地点[*]
网站
https://gwmemorial.org/
地图
地图

华盛顿地铁蓝线和黄线的国王街站[8]距离此纪念堂四个街块。

参考文献

引用

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 "Start Alexandria Memorial Temple." Washington Post. June 6, 1922.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Shepperson, Charles M. "Masonic Fete Draws 150,000 to Alexandria." Washington Post. May 12, 1932.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Ferris, p. 21.
  4. ^ Kruh and Kruh, p. 41.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Morris, p. 18.
  6. ^ Hutton, Margaret. "George Washington Masonic National Memorial." Washington Post. No date. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Accessed 2011-03-21.
  7. ^ Conroy, Sarah Booth. "Those Revolutionary Masons." Washington Post. February 16, 1992.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Colbert, p. 14.
  9. ^ Smith, p. 79.
  10. ^ Seghers, George D. "The George Washington Masonic Memorial Centennial Celebration." Scottish Rite Journal. January-February, 2001.. [2011-09-08]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-13）. 

书籍

  • American Art Annual. New York: MacMillan Co., 1933.
  • Bahr, Jeff; Taylor, Troy; Coleman, Loren; Scheurman, Mark; and Moran, Mark. Weird Virginia. New York: Sterling Publishing, 2007.
  • Boudreau, Allan; Bleimann, Alexander; and Deutsch, David. George Washington in New York. New York: American Lodge of Research, 1987.
  • Brown, William Mosely. George Washington, Freemason. Richmond, Va.: Garrett & Massie, 1952.
  • Burian, A. Ward. George Washington's Legacy of Leadership. New York: Morgan James Pub., 2007.
  • Burstein, Daniel and De Keijzer, Arne J. Secrets of 'The Lost Symbol': The Unauthorized Guide to the Mysteries Behind 'The Da Vinci Code' Sequel. New York: Harper, 2010.
  • Caemmerer, H. Paul. Washington, the National Capital. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1932.
  • "Callahan, Charles H." In Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Lyon Gardiner Tyler, ed. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1915.
  • Clute, Eugene. Drafting Room Practice. New York: The Pencil Points Press, 1928.
  • Colbert, Judy. Virginia: Off the Beaten Path. Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press, 2009.
  • Connelly, Thomas Lawrence. The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Society. Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
  • Ferris, Gary W. Presidential Places: A Guide to the Historic Sites of U.S. Presidents. Winston-Salem, N.C.: J.F. Blair, 1999.
  • Howlett, D. Roger and Noble, Joseph Veach. The Sculpture of Donald De Lue: Gods, Prophets, and Heroes. Boston, Mass.: D.R. Godine, 1990.
  • Kruh, David and Kruh, Louis. Presidential Landmarks. New York, N.Y.: Hippocrene Books, 1992.
  • Laughlin, Clara E. So You're Going South! Boston: Little, Brown, 1940.
  • Lichtenstein, Gaston. George Washington's Lost Birthday. Richmond, Va.: William Byrd Press, 1924.
  • Morris, Shirley. The Pelican Guide to Virginia. Gretna, La.: Pelican Pub. Co., 1990.
  • Reynolds, Charles Bingham. The Standard Guide: Washington, A Handbook for Visitors. Washington, D.C.: B.S. Reynolds Co., 1924.
  • Rothery, Agnes. New Roads in Old Virginia. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1937.
  • Smedes, Susan Dabney. A Southern Planter: Social Life in the Old South. New York: Pott, 1900.
  • Smith, James Fairbairn. A Panorama of Masonic History: Sesquicentennial of the Grand Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons of Michigan, 1826-1976. Detroit: Sesquicentennial Commission, Michigan Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, 1976.
  • "Smith, William Morgan, M.D." In Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Lyon Gardiner Tyler, ed. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1915.
  • Stevens, William Oliver. Washington, the Cinderella City. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1943.
  • Stoller, Paul D. The Architecture of Harvey Wiley Corbett. Madison, Wisc.: University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, 1995.
  • Tatsch, J. Hugo. The Facts About George Washington as a Freemason. New York: Macoy Publishing and Masonic Supply Co., 1931.
  • Turnbull, Everett R. and Denslow, Ray V. A History of Royal Arch Masonry. Trenton, Mo.: General Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, 1956.
  • Voges, Nettie Allen. Old Alexandria: Where America's Past Is Present. McLean, Va.: EPM Publications, 1975.
  • Walker, J.T. F.L.M., A History of Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4 A. F. & A. M. Fredericksburg, Va.: Sheridan Books, 2002.
  • Wasserman, James. The Secrets of Masonic Washington: A Guidebook to Signs, Symbols, and Ceremonies at the Origin of America's Capital. Rochester, Vt.: Destiny Books, 2008.

外部链接

 
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