维基百科

极端民族主义

极端民族主义（英语：Ultranationalism）是一种意识形态，和传统民族主义的概念完全不同，强调某个国家或民族在政治、经济和社会领域的利益与统治地位。通常表现为对自己族群的优越感和极端支持，同时将其他国家，种族，宗教或文化社群视为敌对与次等，并加以歧视，排斥和仇恨，进而引发种族主义和迫害等问题。极端民族主义往往伴随著侵略性和暴力倾向，可能采取战争或种族清洗等极端手段以实现政治目标，它与国家复兴的概念共同构成了法西斯主义的关键基础。[1]

加略斯·布加杰斯基（英语：Janusz Bugajski）认为，民族主义在最极端或发展到终极形态时，类似于法西斯主义，其特点是仇外蔑视，支持专制政治并靠近极权主义，强调魅力型领袖，一个组织上无定形的运动型政党，以及国家之间的“有机统一”。 [2]

罗杰·格里芬（英语：Roger Griffin）指出，极端民族主义本质上是仇外的，并且会通过神化自己历史上的伟大成就，或者强调对历史宿敌的仇恨来实现自身的合法化。它有时还会利用庸俗的体质人类学、遗传学和优生学来对种族优越感和种族前途做合理化解释，并衬托其他种族的堕落和劣等的观念。 [3]

极端民族主义政党

二战后被认为过是极端民族主义者的政党：

参见

参考

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