犬亚族

犬亚族; 化石时期：墨西拿晚期至今 (距今七百万年)
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	犬科 Canidae
亚科：	犬亚科 Caninae
族：	犬族 Canini
亚族：	犬亚族 Canina; 戈特黑尔夫·菲舍尔·冯·瓦尔德海姆, 1817
属和亚属
	犬属 Canis †异豺（英语：Xenocyon） Xenocyon; ; 豺 Cuon; 胡狼属 Lupulella; 非洲野犬属 Lycaon; †萨丁尼亚豺（英语：Sardinian dhole） Cynotherium; †真犬属 Eucyon; †恐狼属 Aenocyon;

犬亚族（英语：Canina）是犬族（英语：Canini）下的一个分类阶元，也是食蟹狐亚族（英语：Cerdocyonina）的近亲。这个群体的化石可以追溯到500万年前，然而它们可能在900万年前就已经存在了^[3]^:4。该亚族的成员被认为是与狼较为相近的犬科动物^[4] ^[5] ^[6]。

分类学

基于犬亚族的成员以39对排例的78条染色体核型，它可以与其他犬科动物杂交^[4]。

以下分支图基于发表于2005年的Lindblad-Toh et al的系统发育^[5]，并进行修改，以纳入最近关于犬属动物的发现。^[7] ^[8]^{（p. S1）}。

犬亚科

	Canis rufus (红狼)

	Canis lycaon (东加拿大狼)

Canis latrans (郊狼)

Canis lupus (灰狼)

Canis familiaris (家犬)

Canis lupaster (金狼)

Canis simensis (衣索比亚狼)

Canis aureus (亚洲胡狼)

Cuon alpinus (豺)

Lycaon pictus (非洲野犬)

	Lupulella adusta (侧纹胡狼)

	Lupulella mesomelas (黑背胡狼)

	† Aenocyon dirus (恐狼)

参考文献

^ Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008, page 174
^ Fischer de Waldheim, G. Canina. Adversaria Zoological (Memoir Societe Naturelle (Moscow)). 1817, 5: 368–428. p372
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Tedford, Richard H; Wang, Xiaoming(paleontologist); Taylor, Beryl E. Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae) (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2009, 325: 1–218 [2023-06-15]. S2CID 83594819. doi:10.1206/574.1. hdl:2246/5999. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-05-08）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Wayne, Robert K. Molecular evolution of the dog family. Trends in Genetics. June 1993, 9 (6): 218–224 [2023-06-15]. PMID 8337763. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90122-x. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Wade, Claire M.; Mikkelsen, Tarjei S.; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Jaffe, David B.; Kamal, Michael; et al. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature. 2005, 438 (7069): 803–819. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..803L. PMID 16341006. doi:10.1038/nature04338.
^ Castelló, J.R. Ch.2 - Wolf-like Canids. Canids of the World: Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, and Their Relatives. Princeton University Press. 2018: 74. ISBN 978-0-691-18372-5.
^ Perri, Angela R.; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Mouton, Alice; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; Hulme-Beaman, Ardern; Haile, James; Jamieson, Alexandra; Meachen, Julie; Lin, Audrey T.; Schubert, Blaine W.; Ameen, Carly; Antipina, Ekaterina E.; Bover, Pere; Brace, Selina; Carmagnini, Alberto; Carøe, Christian; Samaniego Castruita, Jose A.; Chatters, James C.; Dobney, Keith; Dos Reis, Mario; Evin, Allowen; Gaubert, Philippe; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Gower, Graham; Heiniger, Holly; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Kapp, Josh; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Linderholm, Anna; Ozga, Andrew T.; Presslee, Samantha; Salis, Alexander T.; Saremi, Nedda F.; Shew, Colin; Skerry, Katherine; Taranenko, Dmitry E.; Thompson, Mary; Sablin, Mikhail V.; Kuzmin, Yaroslav V.; Collins, Matthew J.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Stone, Anne C.; Shapiro, Beth; Van Valkenburgh, Blaire; Wayne, Robert K.; Larson, Greger; Cooper, Alan; Frantz, Laurent A. F. Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage. Nature. 2021, 591 (7848): 87–91 [2023-06-15]. PMID 33442059. S2CID 231604957. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. （原始内容存档于2022-12-31）.
^ Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; et al. Genome-wide evidence reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals are distinct species. Current Biology. 2015, 25 (16): 2158–2165. PMID 26234211. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060  .

[wang2008-1] Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008, page 174

[Fischer1817-2] Fischer de Waldheim, G. Canina. Adversaria Zoological (Memoir Societe Naturelle (Moscow)). 1817, 5: 368–428. p372

[Tedford2009-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Tedford, Richard H; Wang, Xiaoming(paleontologist); Taylor, Beryl E. Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae) (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2009, 325: 1–218 [2023-06-15]. S2CID 83594819. doi:10.1206/574.1. hdl:2246/5999. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-05-08）.

[wayne1993-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Wayne, Robert K. Molecular evolution of the dog family. Trends in Genetics. June 1993, 9 (6): 218–224 [2023-06-15]. PMID 8337763. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90122-x. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24）.

[LindbladToh2005-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Wade, Claire M.; Mikkelsen, Tarjei S.; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Jaffe, David B.; Kamal, Michael; et al. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature. 2005, 438 (7069): 803–819. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..803L. PMID 16341006. doi:10.1038/nature04338.

[Castello2018-6] Castelló, J.R. Ch.2 - Wolf-like Canids. Canids of the World: Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, and Their Relatives. Princeton University Press. 2018: 74. ISBN 978-0-691-18372-5.

[Perri2021-7] Perri, Angela R.; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Mouton, Alice; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; Hulme-Beaman, Ardern; Haile, James; Jamieson, Alexandra; Meachen, Julie; Lin, Audrey T.; Schubert, Blaine W.; Ameen, Carly; Antipina, Ekaterina E.; Bover, Pere; Brace, Selina; Carmagnini, Alberto; Carøe, Christian; Samaniego Castruita, Jose A.; Chatters, James C.; Dobney, Keith; Dos Reis, Mario; Evin, Allowen; Gaubert, Philippe; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Gower, Graham; Heiniger, Holly; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Kapp, Josh; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Linderholm, Anna; Ozga, Andrew T.; Presslee, Samantha; Salis, Alexander T.; Saremi, Nedda F.; Shew, Colin; Skerry, Katherine; Taranenko, Dmitry E.; Thompson, Mary; Sablin, Mikhail V.; Kuzmin, Yaroslav V.; Collins, Matthew J.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Stone, Anne C.; Shapiro, Beth; Van Valkenburgh, Blaire; Wayne, Robert K.; Larson, Greger; Cooper, Alan; Frantz, Laurent A. F. Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage. Nature. 2021, 591 (7848): 87–91 [2023-06-15]. PMID 33442059. S2CID 231604957. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. （原始内容存档于2022-12-31）.

[Koepfli2015-8] Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; et al. Genome-wide evidence reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals are distinct species. Current Biology. 2015, 25 (16): 2158–2165. PMID 26234211. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060  .

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