硬式飞艇

硬式飞船（Rigid Airship）是指浮空器外形主要是以内部框架支撑住，而非以轻质气体维持外型的飞艇，次要的支撑则和软式飞船与半硬式飞船相同来自内装气体的压力。^[1]^[2]最著名的硬式飞船种类是齐柏林飞船，齐柏林伯爵在1900年打造出第一艘硬式飞船，并让德国在该领域居于领先地位。

硬式飞船盛行于1900年代至1930年代晚期，在兴登堡号起火后式微。1900年，费迪南德·冯·齐柏林伯爵成功地完成了他的第一艘飞艇的首航，LZ1号全长128.02公尺、直径11.73公尺，飞艇轻质气体容积为11,298立方公尺，飞艇下装有2具输出14匹马力的戴姆勒引擎，LZ1首航20分钟后即因事故毁损，虽然经过修改，但随后的LZ2与LZ3号并未获得的产业界青睐，但飞艇的性能获得德意志陆军的关注，随后他们便提出希望能在天空中运转24小时的飞艇，由于这超越了当时制造的齐柏林飞艇性能，齐柏林伯爵为此打造了更大尺寸的LZ4号飞艇。LZ4号全长136公尺、直径12.95公尺，飞艇搭载2具总输出210匹马力的戴姆勒引擎。直到1913年，德意志帝国陆军才购入LZ1号艇进行使用，但是在第一次世界大战之前，德国在该领域处于世界领先地位，这主要归功于齐柏林和他的齐柏林飞船制造公司的工作。

在第一次世界大战期间，齐柏林飞艇公司制造了95艘齐柏林飞艇。硬质飞艇被赋予了各种军事任务，包括德国对英国的战略轰炸行动。

参考

^ Mueller, Joseph B.; Michael A. Paluszek; Yiyuan Zhao. Development of an aerodynamic model and control law design for a high altitude airship (PDF). American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics: 2. 2004 [2014-07-27]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-10-02）. In general, airships fall into one of two categories: pressurized or rigid. With pressurized models, the shape of the hull is maintained by a small pressure differential between the internal lifting gas and the external atmosphere. With rigid airships, the hull is formed by a lightweight skeletal structure with a fabric skin, while the lifting gas is stored in internal “gasbags”. The Graf Zeppelin II and the Hindenburg were both rigid airships. Pressure airships are sometimes made “semi-rigid” by adding a structural keel to share the bending loads generated from aerodynamic forces.
^ Konstantinov, Lev. The Basics of Gas and Heat Airship Theory. Montgolfier (Kyiv, Ukraine: AEROPLAST Inc). 2003, 1: 4–6, 8.

[Mueller-1] Mueller, Joseph B.; Michael A. Paluszek; Yiyuan Zhao. Development of an aerodynamic model and control law design for a high altitude airship (PDF). American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics: 2. 2004 [2014-07-27]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-10-02）. In general, airships fall into one of two categories: pressurized or rigid. With pressurized models, the shape of the hull is maintained by a small pressure differential between the internal lifting gas and the external atmosphere. With rigid airships, the hull is formed by a lightweight skeletal structure with a fabric skin, while the lifting gas is stored in internal “gasbags”. The Graf Zeppelin II and the Hindenburg were both rigid airships. Pressure airships are sometimes made “semi-rigid” by adding a structural keel to share the bending loads generated from aerodynamic forces.

[Konstantinov-2] Konstantinov, Lev. The Basics of Gas and Heat Airship Theory. Montgolfier (Kyiv, Ukraine: AEROPLAST Inc). 2003, 1: 4–6, 8.

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