第一次约翰逊内阁
2019年6月7日,英国首相文翠珊辞任保守党领袖。同年7月23日,约翰逊获选为新任党魁。翌日,女王伊丽莎白二世邀请鲍里斯·约翰逊筹组新政府,第一次约翰逊内阁同日起执政[2]。本内阁是由第57届国会组成,当时保守党乃以少数派政府当政。2019年9月3日,保守党议员菲利浦·李博士转投其他政党,加入自由民主党,令保守党政府正式失去有效多数议席。约翰逊最终提出提前大选,保守党在同年12月12日选举中赢得过半议席,其后组成第二次约翰逊内阁。
第一次约翰逊内阁 | |
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2019年7月-12月 | |
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建立日期 | 2019年7月24日 |
解散日期 | 2019年12月16日 |
组织与人物 | |
君主 | 伊丽莎白二世 |
首相 | 鲍里斯·约翰逊 |
离职成员数量 (死亡/辞职/解职) | 3人辞职 |
执政党 | 保守党 |
议会地位 | |
反对党影子内阁 | 郝尔彬影子内阁 |
反对党 | 工党 |
反对党领袖 | 郝尔彬 |
历史 | |
卸任选举 | 2019年英国大选 |
议会任期 | 第57届英国国会[注 1] |
前任 | 第二次文翠珊内阁 |
继任 | 第二次约翰逊内阁 |
历史
文翠珊请辞
前首相文翠珊先后三次递交英国脱欧的退出协议和执行法案,但皆被下议院否决,令脱欧迟迟未能成事[3]。及后举行的2019年欧洲议会选举,保守党成绩极为差劣,令文翠珊执政再遭质疑[4]。2019年5月24日,文翠珊宣布将会辞任保守党领袖,亦因此辞任首相。6月7日,保守党党魁的辞职正式生效。
约翰逊上任
2019年7月23日,前伦敦市长及前外交事务大臣鲍里斯·约翰逊接替文翠珊,当选成为新任保守党党魁。翌日,女王伊丽莎白二世任命约翰逊为首相。约翰逊承继了文氏的少数派政府,继续由北爱尔兰的民主统一党提供信任供给[5]。
2019年7月24日,约翰逊公布内阁人选,称之为“现代英国的内阁”[6],《卫报》将内阁标签为“一个种族各异但意识形态俱同的意向声明[7]”。约翰逊筹组内阁期间,他先后将11名高级阁员革职,并接受了另外6名阁员的请辞。是次的“肃清”是英国战后在执政党没有下野的情况下、最大规模的内阁重组,比起7名阁员被撤职的1962年“长刀之夜”还要厉害,因而被《太阳报》称为“发刀之夜”(Night of the Blond Knives)[8];约翰逊盟友奈杰尔·埃文斯也形容为“比起内阁改组,这更像夏季大屠杀”[9][10]。
革职以外,多名旧人有晋升、新面孔亦加入内阁。多米尼克·拉布晋升为首席大臣和外交事务大臣,贾伟德获委任为财政大臣,普丽蒂·帕特尔则担任内政大臣。约翰逊又增加参加内阁会议的大臣数目至33人,比起第二次文翠珊内阁多4人。获任命的大臣中,当中四分一为女性,比例上较文翠珊和大卫·卡麦隆的为少。内阁的种族多元化亦创下纪录,4名国务大臣和2名其他大臣都是有少数族裔背景;17%的阁员属于黑人、亚裔、少数族裔,比起全英国的14%为高[6]。接近三分二的获任命大臣曾入读收费学校,接近半数曾就读牛剑大学[6]。另外,约翰逊为满足党魁选举的竞选承诺,他亦担任新创立的“联盟大臣”一职[11]。
失过半数及大臣辞职
2019年9月3日,菲利浦·李转投自由民主党,令约翰逊领导的保守党失去有效多数(working majority),令执政党未有足够议席继续执政[12][13]。及后的一场表决,21名保守党议员赞成国会控制议事日程表及辩论后座议员提出的议案,避免英国在无协议下硬脱欧,而加入反对派,因而遭到党鞭逐出党[14]。
2019年9月5日,约翰逊的胞弟约·约翰逊宣布辞任大学国务大臣和下届大选将不会竞逐奥平顿议员,指出“最近数周,自己在忠于家庭和国家利益之间陷于两难。这是一个无法解决的紧张关系,是时候让其他人接替我的议员和大臣的岗位[15]。”9月7日,安珀·路德宣布辞去就业及退休保障大臣和妇女及平等大臣,及退出保守党[16]。
鉴于脱欧议题在下议院陷入僵局,《2019年提前国会大选法案》在2019年10月31日获通过,选举提前至同年12月12日举行。保守党最终在选举中赢得过半议席,约翰逊组成他的第二次内阁。
内阁
发刀之夜
留欧派 脱欧派 斜体为非列席内阁 星号为请辞的大臣 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大臣 | 上任前 | 上任后 | 大臣 | 上任前 | 上任后 | |
首相 | 文翠珊 | 约翰逊 | 社区 | 博敬诚 | 郑伟祺 | |
兰开斯特公爵领地 | 李达德* | 高文浩 | 苏格兰 | 万达伟 | 张毅德 | |
内阁办公室 | 杜永敦 | 北爱尔兰 | 庞碧琳 | 施俊安 | ||
首席大臣 | 空缺 | 蓝韬文 | 国际发展 | 施达伟* | 岑浩文 | |
外交 | 侯俊伟 | 文化 | 卫俊明 | 莫丽琪 | ||
财政 | 夏文达* | 贾伟德 | 不管 | 卢柏敦 | 祁维利 | |
内政 | 贾伟德 | 彭黛玲 | 下院领袖 | 施荣达 | 李思铭 | |
国防 | 莫佩琳 | 华礼仕 | 财政首秘 | 卓慧思 | 辛伟诚 | |
司法 | 郭达玮* | 白乐彬 | 首席党鞭 | 施俊安 | 施炳森 | |
教育 | 夏轩仕 | 韦廉信 | 移民 | 卢嘉莲 | 施马·坚尼地 | |
国际贸易 | 霍理林 | 卓慧思 | 能源 | 彭丽雅 | 关浩霆 | |
商业 | 祈国光 | 利雅华 | 房屋 | 基特·马特豪斯 | 麦蔚宜 | |
环境 | 高文浩 | 韦莉雅 | 大学 | 克里斯·斯基德莫尔 | 约翰森 | |
运输 | 纪嘉林 | 夏博思 | 安全 | 华礼仕 | 卢柏敦 |
2019年7月-12月
人事变动
注释
参考文献
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- ^ Rigby, Beth [@BethRigby]. Javid in. Chancellor (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
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- ^ Boris Johnson expected to appoint Priti Patel as new home secretary; all you need to know about Indian-origin MP from Essex. Firstpost.com. 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-24).
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- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. Robert Buckland QC @RobertBuckland has been appointed Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice @MoJGovUK (推文). 2019-07-24 –通过Twitter (英语).
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- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Ben Wallace @BWallaceMP has been appointed Secretary of State @DefenceHQ (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Matt Hancock @MattHancock is Secretary of State for Health and Social Care @DHSCgovuk (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Andrea Leadsom @andrealeadsom has been appointed Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy @beisgovuk (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ Mason, Rowena. Johnson gives new roles to Truss and Goldsmith in mini-reshuffle. The Guardian. Guardian Media Limited. [2019-09-10].
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Elizabeth Truss @trussliz has been appointed Secretary of State @tradegovuk and President of the Board of Trade (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon @AmberRuddHR is Secretary of State for Work and Pensions @DWP and Minister for @WomenEqualities (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ Amber Rudd [@AmberRuddHR]. I have resigned from Cabinet and surrendered the Conservative Whip. (推文). 2019-09-07 –通过Twitter.
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Gavin Williamson @GavinWilliamson has been appointed Secretary of State @educationgovuk (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Theresa Villiers has been appointed Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs @DefraGovUK (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. Robert Jenrick @RobertJenrick has been appointed Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government @mhclg (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Grant Shapps @grantshapps has been appointed Secretary of State for Transport @transportgovuk (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Julian Smith @JulianSmithUK has been appointed Secretary of State for Northern Ireland @NIOgov (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. Alister Jack has been appointed Secretary of State for Scotland @UKGovScotland (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Alun Cairns @AlunCairns is Secretary of State for Wales @UKGovWales (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Baroness Evans of Bowes Park is Lord Privy Seal, and Leader of the @UKHouseofLords (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
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- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Esther McVey @EstherMcVey1 has been appointed Minister of State at the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government @mhclg. She will also attend Cabinet. (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. Jo Johnson @JoJohnsonUK has been appointed Minister of State at the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy @beisgovuk, and the Department for Education @educationgovuk. He will also attend Cabinet. (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
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- ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet]. The Rt Hon Brandon Lewis @BrandonLewis has been appointed Minister of State for the Home Department @ukhomeoffice. He will also attend Cabinet. (推文). 2019-07-24 [2019-07-24] –通过Twitter (英语).
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前任: 第二次文翠珊内阁 |
联合王国政府 2019年 |
继任: 第二次约翰逊内阁 |