约斐尔希伯来语יופיאל‬,英语Jophiel),意为“神之美”,也译为约菲尔祖菲尔,是犹太教基督教中的一位天使。相传身份和座天使沙法尔Zaphkiel,意为“神的守护者”)经常混淆。约斐尔于圣公宗图像艺术中通常以手持烈焰圣剑英语Flaming sword (mythology)天使长形像出现。[1][2][3]

天使长圣约斐尔
Saint Jophiel the Archangel
彩绘玻璃窗上的约斐尔像,位于英国布莱顿的圣公会圣米迦勒堂
天使/天使长
敬礼于犹太教圣公宗
象征英语Saint symbolism烈焰圣剑英语Flaming sword (mythology)
主保艺术、艺术家

宗教与魔法传说

 
根据罗勃·闵斯·劳伦斯英语Robert Means Lawrence[4]亚瑟·德·布勒(Arthur de Bles)和 R. L. 吉尔斯(R. L. Giles)的说法,约斐尔就是奉命将亚当夏娃逐出天堂天使[5]

根据伪经摩西启示录英语Apocalypse of Moses》,约斐尔还有一个名字叫做迪纳Dina),约斐尔/迪纳被描述为是第七重天的天使,妥拉 (其自身即智慧) 的卡巴拉守护者,并是在造物之初教导灵魂学习70种语言的天使。[6]光辉之书》将祂列为统辖53支军团的首席大天使,并负责监管在安息日妥拉的诵读。[7]据说约斐尔还是天使梅塔特隆的同伴。[5] 根据在《以西结书》中,约斐尔是有四张脸、四个手腕以及四片翼的天使长。

克拉拉·厄斯金·克莱门特在她的《艺术中的天使》(Angels in Art)一书中说约斐尔是雅弗的导师,[5]阿格里帕·冯·内特斯海姆[8]汤玛斯·路德英语Thomas Rudd同样认为约斐尔是的导师。[9]

约斐尔是卡巴拉天使长,这包括中古早期神学家伪丢尼修所列的天使名单在内的多份名单都持同样观点。[10]自然魔法万年历》列出约斐尔是卡巴拉生命树的第二个质点 Chokhmah(智慧)的天使,[11]而《所罗门之钥》的变体版《所罗门真实之钥》(The Veritable Clavicles of Solomon),[12]以及《摩西六书与七书英语Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses》也持相同观点,[13]后两本著作都是衍生自《自然魔法万年历》。[14]阿格里帕将约斐尔归于土星的天使,但帕拉塞尔苏斯却认为祂是属于木星的天使,[5]汤玛斯·路德英语Thomas Rudd则将约斐尔的黄道带[15]卡巴拉生命树的第三个质点 Binah (理解/领悟) 连系在一起。[16]阿塔纳斯·珂雪将约斐尔以拉丁语命名为“angelus pulchritudinis”,意即“美之天使”。[17]根据罗伯·安贝朗英语Robert Ambelain的看法,约斐尔是智天使的掌管者,特别是于七十二字母神名中所提到的天使。[18]

文学

《爱与光之天使》(Angels of Love and Light)描述约斐尔为“天国中的天使长艺术家启发英语Divine illumination守护圣者,祂教导外在意识和个人内在之光的力量”。祂也被描述为是“智慧、启发与恒久不变的黄色光束”,并将祂的天使伴侣(Archeia)一同列出,如同克莉丝汀(Christine)所说:

约翰·密尔顿史诗失乐园》中,提到约斐尔是“拥有智天使中最迅捷的羽翼”(《失乐园》第四章,535节)。

祖菲尔(Zophiel)是玛丽亚·高文·布鲁克斯英语Maria Gowen Brooks所写的一首诗里的主题对象。

扩展阅读

  • Fischer, Lynn (1996), Angels of Love and Light [with original paintings of the Seven Beloved Archangels and Their Archeiai by Marius Michael-George], Transformational Media Publications, South Yarmouth, MA
  • "Jophiel", Pearls of Wisdom, Volume 7 Number 43, 1994, The Summit Lighthouse, Copyright © 1997 Church Universal and Triumphant
  • "Seven Beloved Archangels Speak", 1954, The Bridge to Freedom

画廊

参考文献

  1. ^ K, Simon. Kempe: Jophiel. flickr.com. 2009-09-17 [2019-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-30) (英语). 
  2. ^ Glass Angel. Coventry - Holy Trinity Church. flickr.com. 2011 [2019-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-28) (英语). 
  3. ^ Christ Triumphant (High Altar). stjohnsmemphis.org. [2019-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-23) (英语). 
  4. ^ Lawrence, Robert M. (1898), The Magic of the Horse-Shoe, With Other Folk-Lore Notes, Chapter III: The Number Seven页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at sacred-texts.com页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Davidson, Gustav (1967), A Dictionary of Angels, Including The Fallen Angels页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆, Entry: Iofiel, Free Press, p. 150, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 66-19757, ISBN 9780029070505
  6. ^ Gaster, Moses英语Gaster, Moses (1893), "Hebrew Visions of Hell and Paradise,"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) in the Journal of The Royal Asiatic Society, p. 579, at www.sacred-texts.com页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  7. ^ Davidson, Gustav (1967), A Dictionary of Angels, Including The Fallen Angels页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆, Entry: Iofiel, Free Press, p. 320, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 66-19757, ISBN 9780029070505
  8. ^ Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, Three Books of Occult Philosophy, Book III, Part 1页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), ed. Joseph Peterson, hosted at Twilit Grotto Esoteric Archives页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  9. ^ A Treatise on Angel Magic, by Thomas Rudd, ed. Adam McLean, p.25 & 204, (two editions):
    • Phanes Press, 1990
    • Red Wheel/Weiser, 2006
  10. ^ Davidson, Gustav (1967), A Dictionary of Angels, Including The Fallen Angels页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆, Appendix, Free Press, p. 338, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 66-19757, ISBN 9780029070505
  11. ^ The Magical Calender, by Johann Baptist Grossschedel英语Johann Baptist Grossschedel (two editions):
  12. ^ The Veritable Clavicles of Solomon页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), anonymous, ed. Joseph Peterson, hosted at Twilit Grotto Esoteric Archives页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  13. ^ The Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses (part 2页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)), anonymous, ed. Joseph Peterson, hosted at Twilit Grotto Esoteric Archives页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  14. ^ The Magical Calender, Peterson edition introduction
  15. ^ Rudd, McLean, pp.100 (2006 ed), p.101 (1990 ed)
  16. ^ Rudd, McLean, p.204 (1990, 2006)
  17. ^ "Cabala Hebraeorum页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)" in Oedipus Aegyptiacus英语Oedipus Aegyptiacus, by Athanasius Kircher, ed. Joseph Peterson, hosted at Twilit Grotto Esoteric Archives页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  18. ^ The Complete Magician's Tables, by Stephen Skinner, Golden Hoard Press, 2006, p.41
  19. ^ Furnival, William James. Leadless Decorative Tiles, Faience, and Mosaic, Comprising Notes and Excerpts on the History, Materials, Manufacture & Use of Ornamental Flooring Tiles, Ceramic Mosaic, and Decorative Tiles and Faience. Moscow: Ripol Classic Publishing House. : 525 [1904] [2019-04-24]. ISBN 9781176325630. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14) (英语). While on either hand are the archangels: Michael is a glorious figure in armour; Uriel holds the sun; Gabriel bears the lily of the Annunciation; Chemuel, the angel of the Sangreal, stands next him with the sacred cup; and Zophiel, to his left, holds the moon.