CD44

CD44
已知的结构
PDB	直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	1POZ、1UUH、2I83、4PZ3、4PZ4
识别号
别名	CD44；, CDW44, CSPG8, ECMR-III, HCELL, HUTCH-I, IN, LHR, MC56, MDU2, MDU3, MIC4, Pgp1, CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
外部ID	OMIM：107269 MGI：88338 HomoloGene：508 GeneCards：CD44
基因位置（人类）
染色体	11号染色体
终止	35,232,402 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色体	小鼠2号染色体
终止	102,732,010 bp
RNA表达模式
	; ; ; ;
	查阅更多表达数据
基因本体
分子功能	• collagen binding; • 血浆蛋白结合; • hyaluronic acid binding; • cytokine receptor activity; • transmembrane signaling receptor activity;
细胞组分	• integral component of membrane; • 高尔基体; • macrophage migration inhibitory factor receptor complex; • 膜; • 粘着斑; • 细胞膜; • integral component of plasma membrane; • cell surface; • 外排体; • 细胞质基质; • secretory granule membrane; • apical plasma membrane; • lamellipodium membrane; • cell projection; • 微绒毛; • basolateral plasma membrane;
生物学过程	• negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • monocyte aggregation; • positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion; • hyaluronan catabolic process; • negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator; • interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway; • extracellular matrix disassembly; • extracellular matrix organization; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus; • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; • 软骨生成; • 细胞粘附; • negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; • cell-matrix adhesion; • positive regulation of monocyte aggregation; • leukocyte migration; • neutrophil degranulation; • wound healing, spreading of cells; • regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis; • cell-cell adhesion; • inflammatory response; • 细胞迁移; • T细胞活化; • positive regulation of kinase activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	960
	12505
	ENSG00000026508
	ENSMUSG00000005087
	P16070
	P15379
NM_000610; NM_001001389; NM_001001390; NM_001001391; NM_001001392;
	NM_001202555; NM_001202556; NM_001202557
NM_001039150; NM_001039151; NM_001177785; NM_001177786; NM_001177787;
	NM_009851
NP_000601; NP_001001389; NP_001001390; NP_001001391; NP_001001392;
	NP_001189484; NP_001189485; NP_001189486
NP_001034239; NP_001034240; NP_001171256; NP_001171257; NP_001171258;
	NP_033981
	维基数据
查看/编辑人类	查看/编辑小鼠

CD44，在人体内是一种由11号染色体上的CD44基因编码的细胞表面黏附分子，化学本质是糖蛋白，属于一类分化簇（CD）^[5]^[6]。CD44是一种常用的干细胞表面标记物，同时在人体内也参与淋巴细胞活化、循环，以及归巢、恶性肿瘤的发生及转移等过程^[7]^[6]。

遗传学与分子生物学

CD44的基因位于人11号染色体上，具有可变剪接现象。已有研究证明，不同转录本转译的CD44具有不同的功能，分子量从85到200kD不等，其中最经典的标准CD44分子（sCD44）是从造血细胞中分离出来的，分子量约为85-90kD，由外显子1-5和16-20组合而成。CD44分子在人体内广泛分布，并参与许多生物学过程，比如淋巴细胞的活化、再循环（recirculation），以及归巢（homing）、造血过程、恶性肿瘤的发生与转移等^[8]^[6]^[9]。

CD44蛋白由一条肽链组成，膜外结构域位于肽链一端，一个膜侧翼区与之相连，另有一个穿膜结构域和一个位于细胞膜靠细胞质一侧的尾部^[10]。

应用

在生物学和医学研究中，CD44可用作干细胞标记物，用于干细胞的鉴定^[7]。许多恶性肿瘤细胞中CD44的表达上调，比如卵巢癌^[11]。另外，CD44可能和恶性肿瘤的发生和转移有关，在相关过程中发挥一定的作用，比如已有证据表明CD44与头颈鳞状细胞癌的发展有关^[6]。

CD44蛋白决定了人类的印度血型（英语：Indian blood group system）（In）^[12]。

参见

分化群

参考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000026508 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005087 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Spring FA, Dalchau R, Daniels GL, Mallinson G, Judson PA, Parsons SF, Fabre JW, Anstee DJ. The Ina and Inb blood group antigens are located on a glycoprotein of 80,000 MW (the CDw44 glycoprotein) whose expression is influenced by the In(Lu) gene. Immunology. May 1988, 64 (1): 37–43. PMC 1385183  . PMID 2454887.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 CD44. GeneCards. [2018-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-09）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Morath, I.; Hartmann, T.N.; Orian-Rousseau, V. CD44: More than a mere stem cell marker. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2016, 81: 166–173. ISSN 1357-2725. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.009.
^ CD44. NCBI. [2018-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-20）.
^ Senbanjo, Linda T.; Chellaiah, Meenakshi A. CD44: A Multifunctional Cell Surface Adhesion Receptor Is a Regulator of Progression and Metastasis of Cancer Cells. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2017, 5. ISSN 2296-634X. doi:10.3389/fcell.2017.00018.
^ Naor, David; Sionov, Ronit Vogt; Ish-Shalom, Dvorah. CD44: Structure, Function and Association with the Malignant Process 71: 241–319. 1997. ISSN 0065-230X. doi:10.1016/S0065-230X(08)60101-3.
^ Sillanpää S, Anttila MA, Voutilainen K, Tammi RH, Tammi MI, Saarikoski SV, Kosma VM. CD44 expression indicates favorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Clinical Cancer Research. Nov 2003, 9 (14): 5318–24 [2018-07-09]. PMID 14614016. （原始内容存档于2015-09-27）.
^ Telen MJ, Udani M, Washington MK, Levesque MC, Lloyd E, Rao N. A blood group-related polymorphism of CD44 abolishes a hyaluronan-binding consensus sequence without preventing hyaluronan binding. J. Biol. Chem. March 1996, 271 (12): 7147–53. PMID 8636151. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.12.7147.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000026508 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005087 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid2454887-5] Spring FA, Dalchau R, Daniels GL, Mallinson G, Judson PA, Parsons SF, Fabre JW, Anstee DJ. The Ina and Inb blood group antigens are located on a glycoprotein of 80,000 MW (the CDw44 glycoprotein) whose expression is influenced by the In(Lu) gene. Immunology. May 1988, 64 (1): 37–43. PMC 1385183  . PMID 2454887.

[GeneCards-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 CD44. GeneCards. [2018-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-09）.

[MorathHartmann2016-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Morath, I.; Hartmann, T.N.; Orian-Rousseau, V. CD44: More than a mere stem cell marker. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2016, 81: 166–173. ISSN 1357-2725. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.009.

[8] CD44. NCBI. [2018-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-20）.

[SenbanjoChellaiah2017-9] Senbanjo, Linda T.; Chellaiah, Meenakshi A. CD44: A Multifunctional Cell Surface Adhesion Receptor Is a Regulator of Progression and Metastasis of Cancer Cells. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2017, 5. ISSN 2296-634X. doi:10.3389/fcell.2017.00018.

[NaorSionov1997-10] Naor, David; Sionov, Ronit Vogt; Ish-Shalom, Dvorah. CD44: Structure, Function and Association with the Malignant Process 71: 241–319. 1997. ISSN 0065-230X. doi:10.1016/S0065-230X(08)60101-3.

[pmid14614016-11] Sillanpää S, Anttila MA, Voutilainen K, Tammi RH, Tammi MI, Saarikoski SV, Kosma VM. CD44 expression indicates favorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Clinical Cancer Research. Nov 2003, 9 (14): 5318–24 [2018-07-09]. PMID 14614016. （原始内容存档于2015-09-27）.

[pmid8636151-12] Telen MJ, Udani M, Washington MK, Levesque MC, Lloyd E, Rao N. A blood group-related polymorphism of CD44 abolishes a hyaluronan-binding consensus sequence without preventing hyaluronan binding. J. Biol. Chem. March 1996, 271 (12): 7147–53. PMID 8636151. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.12.7147.

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