埃拉澤
土耳其城市
埃拉澤（土耳其語：Elâzığ，土耳其語發音：[eˈlazɯː]）是土耳其東部的一座城市，為埃拉澤省的省會。埃拉澤市總人口323,420 (2009年)。整個城市位於一片高原之上，海拔1067公尺。
| 埃拉澤 Elâzığ | |
|---|---|
 埃拉澤在土耳其的位置 | |
| 坐標：38°40′N 39°13′E / 38.67°N 39.22°E | |
| 國家 |  土耳其 |
| 地方 | 東安那托利亞 |
| 省份 | 埃拉澤省 |
| 政府 | |
| • 市長 | Süleyman Selmanoğlu (正義與發展黨) |
| 海拔 | 1,067 公尺（3,501 英尺） |
| 人口 | |
| • 總計 | 541,258人 |
| 時區 | EET（UTC+2） |
| • 夏時制 | EEST（UTC+3） |
| 郵遞區號 | 23000 |
| 電話區號 | 0424 |
| 車牌 | 23 |
| 網站 | http://www.elazig.bel.tr/ |
今日的埃拉澤的建立，是作為原來的歷史名城哈爾普特的延伸，因為哈爾普特位於山上，在冬季時交通非常不便。
名稱
在古代，在今日埃拉澤附近有一座古代亞美尼亞人所建立的城堡，是為哈爾普特城堡（亞美尼亞語：Խարբերդ），意思就是「石建的城堡」。這座城堡是亞美尼亞的首批君主所建立，距離埃拉澤的市中心約五公里，鄰近阿拉臘山。
1866年，埃拉澤建市。1937年，該城市改用今名。
歷史
在幾個世紀以前，埃拉澤周邊地區便有居民定居。
人口
| 年份 | 人口 |
| 1914 | 10,000 - 12,000 |
| 1927 | 20,052 |
| 1940 | 25,465 |
| 1945 | 23,695 |
| 1950 | 29,317 |
| 1955 | 41,667 |
| 1960 | 60,289 |
| 1965 | 78,605 |
| 1970 | 107,364 |
| 1975 | 131,415 |
| 2008 | 389,774 |
經濟
地理及氣候
埃拉澤位於一個48公里長的小谷地之中，當地的土耳其人稱之為Uluova，意思就是「大山谷」；而亞美尼亞人則稱之為Vosgetashd，意思就是「金色的平原」。
著名人物
- Rupen Zartarian - (d. 1915) 亞美尼亞裔作家，是Tlgadintsi的學生。
- Mehmet Ağar — Former leader of the DYP
- Vedat Dalokay — Turkish architect and a former mayor of Ankara
- Reha Denemeç — Co-founder of the Justice and Development Party (AKP)
- Kenan Çoban — Turkish actor, known as abdulhey in "Valley of the Wolves"
- J. Michael Hagopian - Armenian-American documentary filmmaker
- Hamastegh - (d. 1966) Armenian writer, student of Tlgadintzi
- Dursun Karataş— Founder and leader of the Revolutionary People's Liberation Party–Front (DHKP-C)
- Stephen P. Mugar - (d. 1982) Armenian-American businessman and entrepreneur
- Shahan Natalie — (d. 1983), Armenian writer and principal organizer of Operation Nemesis
- Catholicos Nerses IV — (d. 1173), Armenian church leader, theologian and writer
- Erkan Oğur — Turkish Musician
- Necati Şaşmaz — Star of the "Valley of the Wolves" TV series and the 2006 movie "Valley of the Wolves Iraq"
- Raci Şaşmaz — Scriptwriter and producer of the "Valley of the Wolves" and other movies and TV series
- Mümtaz Sevinç — Turkish actor
- Tlgadintsi (Hovhannes Haroutiunian) - (d. 1915) Armenian writer
- Vahan Totovents - (d. 1938) Armenian writer, student of Tlgadintzi
- Namık Kemal Yolga — Turkish Diplomat and statesman
- Aşur Yusuf - (d.1915) Syriac Orthodox journalist and teacher at the Euphrates College
旅遊景點
埃拉澤市的名勝如下[1]：
- 哈爾普特城堡（Խարբերդ；Harput Kalesi）及歷史城區（Şehri）
- 凱班水庫（Keban Baraj Gölü）：包括凱班水壩（Keban Baraj）及水力發電廠。
- 哈札爾湖（Hazar Gölü）
- 哈札爾巴巴滑雪中心（Hazarbaba Kayak Merkezi）
- 埃爾祖魯姆帕拉多肯滑雪中心
- 法拉特大學/幼法拉底大學（Fırat Üniversitesi；University of Euphrates）
- Buzluk Mağarası (Buzluk Cave)
- Çaydaçıra Halkoyunu
- Ağın Kaplıcası
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography
- 清真寺及陵墓
- Ulu Camii: Built by Artuklu Sultan Fahrettin Karaaslan in 1156. It is one of the oldest and important structures in Anatolia
- Sarahatun Camii (also known as Sarayhatun Cami): Built by Sara Hatun, mother of Ak Koyunlu Sultan Bahadır Han (also known as Uzun Hasan), in 1465 as a small mosque. It was renovated in 1585 and 1843.
- Kurşunlu Camii: Built between 1738 and 1739 in Harput during the Ottoman era.
- Alacalı Camii
- Ağa Camii：1559年興建。
- 阿拉普巴巴清真寺及陵墓（Arap Baba Mescidi ve Türbesi）：Built during the reign of Seljuks Sultan Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev III (Son of Kılıçarslan IV) in 1279. The shrine contains a mummified body which is known as Arap Baba among commons.
- Fetih Ahmet Baba Türbesi (Shrine of Fetih Ahmed)
- Mansur Baba Türbesi
圖庫
-
哈札爾巴巴滑雪中心 -
卡拉考昌市鎮一景 -
埃拉澤市鎮一景
腳註
本條目包含來自公有領域出版物的文本: Chisholm, Hugh (編). Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911.
參考資料
- David Ayalon, Moshe Sharon. Studies in Islamic History and Civilization; Article: Ma'mûrat al-Aziz, p. 342 ISBN 978-0-510-03200-5. Brill Publishers. 1986 （英語）.
- Alpaslan Koyunlu. Keban Project 1974-1975 Excavations; Article: The Village Settlement of Mumzuroğlu – Observations on Housing. M.E.T.U. 1982 （英語）.