扁顱蝠冠狀病毒HKU4

扁顱蝠冠狀病毒HKU4
病毒分類
（未分級）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
門：	小核糖病毒門 Pisuviricota
綱：	小南嵌套病毒綱 Pisoniviricetes
目：	套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科：	冠狀病毒科 Coronaviridae
屬：	乙型冠狀病毒屬 Betacoronavirus
種：	扁顱蝠冠狀病毒HKU4 Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4

扁顱蝠冠狀病毒HKU4（Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4、Bat-CoV HKU4）是乙型冠狀病毒屬的一種病毒，於2006年由香港大學的研究團隊發表，在香港的扁顱蝠樣本中被發現^[1]，其基因組長約30000nt，除冠狀病毒皆有的複製酶與四種結構蛋白外，此病毒還有NS3a、NS3b、NS3c與NS3d等四種輔助蛋白^[2]。

在乙型冠狀病毒屬中此病毒與中東呼吸症候群冠狀病毒（MERS-CoV）、刺蝟冠狀病毒和伏翼蝠冠狀病毒HKU5（HKU5）的關係較為接近^[3]。此病毒與中東呼吸症候群冠狀病毒皆使用二肽基肽酶-4（DPP4）為感染細胞的受體，不過前者已適應人類細胞的DPP4而得以對其造成感染，後者則否^[4]。2018年的研究顯示中國廣東、廣西的扁顱蝠屬蝙蝠樣本中發現了許多與HKU4高度相關的病毒，且HKU4在野外可能有與和MERS-CoV相關的病毒發生重組（英語：Reassortment）的情形^[5]。

參考文獻

^ Woo, Patrick C.Y.; Lau, Susanna K.P.; Li, Kenneth S.M.; Poon, Rosana W.S.; Wong, Beatrice H.L.; Tsoi, Hoi-wah; Yip, Bethanie C.K.; Huang, Yi; Chan, Kwok-hung; Yuen, Kwok-yung. Molecular diversity of coronaviruses in bats. Virology. 2006, 351 (1): 180–187. ISSN 0042-6822. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.041.
^ Woo, P. C. Y.; Wang, M.; Lau, S. K. P.; Xu, H.; Poon, R. W. S.; Guo, R.; Wong, B. H. L.; Gao, K.; Tsoi, H.-w.; Huang, Y.; Li, K. S. M.; Lam, C. S. F.; Chan, K.-h.; Zheng, B.-j.; Yuen, K.-y. Comparative Analysis of Twelve Genomes of Three Novel Group 2c and Group 2d Coronaviruses Reveals Unique Group and Subgroup Features. Journal of Virology. 2006, 81 (4): 1574–1585. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.02182-06.
^ Corman, V. M.; Kallies, R.; Philipps, H.; Gopner, G.; Muller, M. A.; Eckerle, I.; Brunink, S.; Drosten, C.; Drexler, J. F. Characterization of a Novel Betacoronavirus Related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in European Hedgehogs. Journal of Virology. 2013, 88 (1): 717–724. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.01600-13.
^ Yang, Y.; Du, L.; Liu, C.; Wang, L.; Ma, C.; Tang, J.; Baric, R. S.; Jiang, S.; Li, F. Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014, 111 (34): 12516–12521. ISSN 0027-8424. doi:10.1073/pnas.1405889111.
^ Luo, Chu-Ming; Wang, Ning; Yang, Xing-Lou; Liu, Hai-Zhou; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Hu, Ben; Peng, Cheng; Geng, Qi-Bin; Zhu, Guang-Jian; Li, Fang; Shi, Zheng-Li; Gallagher, Tom. Discovery of Novel Bat Coronaviruses in South China That Use the Same Receptor as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Journal of Virology. 2018, 92 (13). ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.00116-18.

[WooLau2006-1] Woo, Patrick C.Y.; Lau, Susanna K.P.; Li, Kenneth S.M.; Poon, Rosana W.S.; Wong, Beatrice H.L.; Tsoi, Hoi-wah; Yip, Bethanie C.K.; Huang, Yi; Chan, Kwok-hung; Yuen, Kwok-yung. Molecular diversity of coronaviruses in bats. Virology. 2006, 351 (1): 180–187. ISSN 0042-6822. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.041.

[WooWang2006-2] Woo, P. C. Y.; Wang, M.; Lau, S. K. P.; Xu, H.; Poon, R. W. S.; Guo, R.; Wong, B. H. L.; Gao, K.; Tsoi, H.-w.; Huang, Y.; Li, K. S. M.; Lam, C. S. F.; Chan, K.-h.; Zheng, B.-j.; Yuen, K.-y. Comparative Analysis of Twelve Genomes of Three Novel Group 2c and Group 2d Coronaviruses Reveals Unique Group and Subgroup Features. Journal of Virology. 2006, 81 (4): 1574–1585. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.02182-06.

[CormanKallies2013-3] Corman, V. M.; Kallies, R.; Philipps, H.; Gopner, G.; Muller, M. A.; Eckerle, I.; Brunink, S.; Drosten, C.; Drexler, J. F. Characterization of a Novel Betacoronavirus Related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in European Hedgehogs. Journal of Virology. 2013, 88 (1): 717–724. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.01600-13.

[YangDu2014-4] Yang, Y.; Du, L.; Liu, C.; Wang, L.; Ma, C.; Tang, J.; Baric, R. S.; Jiang, S.; Li, F. Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014, 111 (34): 12516–12521. ISSN 0027-8424. doi:10.1073/pnas.1405889111.

[LuoWang2018-5] Luo, Chu-Ming; Wang, Ning; Yang, Xing-Lou; Liu, Hai-Zhou; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Hu, Ben; Peng, Cheng; Geng, Qi-Bin; Zhu, Guang-Jian; Li, Fang; Shi, Zheng-Li; Gallagher, Tom. Discovery of Novel Bat Coronaviruses in South China That Use the Same Receptor as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Journal of Virology. 2018, 92 (13). ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.00116-18.

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