撣泰地體
撣泰地塊，又稱撣邦地塊、滇緬馬蘇地塊（Sibumasu massif）、滇緬馬來亞地塊（Sinoburmalaya massif），中國境內稱為保山地塊。位於緬甸東部撣邦的一個近南北向的長條形地體。北起中國雲南保山，向南經過緬甸、泰國、馬來半島，南至蘇門答臘島，長4000km。[1]
概述
西側以實皆斷裂與緬甸中央盆地相鄰；東側以一個較寬的印支期造山帶與印支地塊和東馬來地塊分開。
地塊基底僅出露於滇西和緬甸，在滇西稱為公養河群，在緬甸稱為昌馬支超群，為一套砂泥質變質岩系。公養河群被含化石的上寒武統整合覆蓋，而昌馬支超群則與上寒武統不整合覆蓋。蓋層從上寒武統一直延續到三疊系，基本上是連續沉積，其上有少量侏羅、白堊紀紅層。蓋層的石炭、二疊紀沉積中含有冰水沉積和冷水動物群化石，說明本地塊原本是岡瓦納大陸的一部分。晚古生代二疊紀末從東岡瓦納分離出來[2]，向北漂移，三疊紀末與印支地塊碰撞[3]，成為歐亞板塊的一部分。
撣泰地塊在古特提斯洋中是一個跨越幾個維度的列島。因而可以分為幾部分，具有不同的古地理歷史。
The internal parts of Shan–Thai merged with Laurasia 265 Ma when the Nan-Uttaradit suture closed.[4] Oceanic basins separated the other elements of Shan–Thai until the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic Late Indochina Orogeny.[5]
The collision between India and Eurasia during the Oligocene and Miocene resulted in clockwise rotation of south-west Asia, severe deformation of south-east Asia, and the extrusion of Shan–Thai and Indochina blocks. These two blocks are still crisscrossed by the faults from this collision.[6]
參考文獻
- ^ Chaodumrong, Xiangdong & Shuzhong 2007: "Permian strate of the Shan-Thai terrance in Thailand consist of the clastic sequence of the Kaeng Krachon Group and the conformably overlying carbonate sequence of the Ratburi Group ...[which] can be traced widely from Malaysia, through peninsular Thailand, Myanmar, West Yunnan, to Lhasa."
- ^ Fortey & Cocks 1998，Introduction, pp. 43-44
- ^ Bunopas & Vella 1992: "Thailand consists of Shan–Thai and Indochina Microcontinents or Terranes welded together by the subsequently deformed Nan Suture.... During the Middle Triassic Shan–Thai sutured nearly simultaneously to Indochina and to South China, the continent–continent collision being a part of the Indosinian Orogeny and Indochina tended to underthrust Shan–Thai."
- ^ Hirsch et al. 2006，Abstract; Paleozoic, p. 201
- ^ Hirsch et al. 2006，Late Permian – Triassic, p. 201
- ^ Hirsch et al. 2006，Cenozoic, p. 201
- Bunopas, Sangad; Vella, Paul. Geotectonics and Geologic Evolution of Thailand (PDF). National Conference on "Geologic Resources of Thailand: Potential for Future Development". Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok: 209–229. November 1992 [5 November 2017]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-03-28）.
- Chaodumrong, Pol; Xiangdong, Wang; Shuzhong, Shen. Permian lithostratigraphy of the Shan-Thai terrane in Thailand: revision of the Kaeng Krachan and Ratburi Groups (PDF). GEOTHAI'07 International Conference of Geology of Thailand: Towards Sustainable Development and Sufficiency Economy. Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok & Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing: 229–236. 2007 [5 November 2017].
- Fortey, R. A.; Cocks, L. R. M. Biogeography and palaeogeography of the Sibumasu terrane in the Ordovician: a review. Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, 43-56 (PDF). Hall, R.; Holloway, J. D. (編). Biogeography and Geological Evolution of SE Asia. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers. 1998 [5 November 2017]. ISBN 90-73348-97-8. doi:10.1002/mmnz.20000760119. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-04-16）.
- Hirsch, F.; Ishida, K.; Kozai, T.; Meesook, A. The welding of Shan-Thai (PDF). Geosciences Journal. 2006, 10 (3): 195–204 [5 November 2017]. doi:10.1007/BF02910364.
- Metcalfe, I. Tectonic framework and Phanerozoic evolution of Sundaland (PDF). Gondwana Research. 2011, 19 (1): 3–21 [5 November 2017]. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.02.016.
- Metcalfe, I. Tectonic Evolution of the Malay Peninsula (PDF). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2013, 76: 195–213 [5 November 2017]. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.011. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-01-27）.