斯托雷加滑坡

斯托雷加滑坡（挪威語：Storeggaraset ）是已知規模最大的海底滑坡之一，大約公元前6225年至前6170年發生於挪威海挪威大陸架邊緣。此次海底滑坡涉及的沿海陸架長度約290 km（180 mi），總體積為3,500 km³（840 cu mi），並在北大西洋引起了一場古海嘯。

描述

黃色數字給出了研究人員研究的海嘯所顯示的海嘯波浪的高度^[1]。

斯托雷加海嘯沉積物（灰色上層），被泥炭（深棕色層）包圍，拍攝於蘇格蘭蒙特羅斯盆地的瑪麗頓(Maryton)

斯托雷加（挪威語：Storegga ）位於挪威海挪威大陸架邊緣，位於默勒郡海岸西北100 km（62 mi）處。西元前6200年左右，大陸棚的結構性破壞引發了三起水下山崩，引發了北大西洋的超大海嘯。塌陷涉及估計長度為290 km（180 mi）的沿海陸架，碎片總體積為3,500 km³（840 cu mi）^[2] 。

根據從海嘯沉積物中回收的植物材料的放射性碳定年法，最近一次事件發生在大約公元前6225年-6170年左右^[3]^[4]。在蘇格蘭，隨後發生的海嘯留下了痕跡，在蒙特羅斯盆地（英語：Montrose Basin）和福斯灣內陸深處發現了沉積物，內陸深達29 km（18 mi），且比當前正常潮位高出4米（13英尺）^[5]。

對人口的影響

多格蘭位於山體滑坡發生地的西側，由於海平面上升，目前已被淹沒在水中，現在是一個名為Dogger Bank的河岸，但在斯托雷加海底山體滑坡發生時，這裡是陸地。這裡居住著中石器時代的人們，是現代英國、丹麥和荷蘭之間的陸橋。據信，該地區包括潟湖、沼澤、泥灘和海灘的海岸線，並且是一個豐富的狩獵、捕鳥和漁場，居住著中石器時代人類文化，但人們認為海嘯導致了人口的顯著下降^[6]^[7]^[8]。

參見

北極甲烷釋出

參考資料

^ P.C. Marrow, "Seismic Monitoring of the North Sea", Global Seismology Research Group, British Geological Society, HSE, 1992
^ Bondevik, S.; Mangerud, J.; Dawson, S.; Dawson, A.; Lohne, Ø. Record-breaking Height for 8000-Year-Old Tsunami in the North Atlantic. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 5 August 2003, 84 (31): 289, 293. Bibcode:2003EOSTr..84..289B. doi:10.1029/2003EO310001  . hdl:1956/729.
^ Bondevik, S; Lovholt, F; Harbitz, C; Stormo, S; Skjerdal, G. The Storegga Slide Tsunami – Deposits, Run-up Heights and Radiocarbon Dating of the 8000-Year-Old Tsunami in the North Atlantic. American Geophysical Union meeting. 2006. Bibcode:2006AGUFMOS34C..01B.
^ Bondevik, S; Stormo, SK; Skjerdal, G. Green mosses date the Storegga tsunami to the chilliest decades of the 8.2 ka cold event. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2012, 45: 1–6. Bibcode:2012QSRv...45....1B. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.020.
^ Brooks, Libby. Ancient tsunami could have wiped out Scottish cities today, study finds. The Guardian. 4 June 2021 [2024-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-05）.
^ Bryony Coles, "Doggerland Project", University of Exeter Department of Archaeology. [2014-05-04]. （原始內容存檔於2015-08-17）.
^ Vincent Gaffney, "Global Warming and the Lost European Country". [2024-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-24）.
^ Tony Robinson, "Britain's Stone Age Tsunami", Time Team specials, Channel 4 Television, 30 May 2013. [2024-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2009-06-26）.

進一步閱讀

Williams, Sarah C. P. News Feature: Skimming the surface of underwater landslides. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 16 February 2016, 113 (7): 1675–78. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.1675W. PMC 4763740  . PMID 26884637. doi:10.1073/pnas.1524012113  .
Walker, James; Gaffney, Vincent; Fitch, Simon; Muru, Merle; Fraser, Andrew; Bates, Martin; Bates, Richard. A great wave: the Storegga tsunami and the end of Doggerland?. Antiquity. 2020, 94 (378): 1409–1425. ISSN 0003-598X. doi:10.15184/aqy.2020.49  . hdl:10454/18239  （英語）.
Woodroffe, Sarah A.; Hill, Jon; Bustamante‐Fernandez, Emmanuel; Lloyd, Jerry M.; Luff, Jake; Richards, Sarah; Shennan, Ian. On the varied impact of the Storegga tsunami in northwest Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science. 2023. ISSN 0267-8179. doi:10.1002/jqs.3539  .

64°52′N 1°18′E / 64.867°N 1.300°E / 64.867; 1.300

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[1] P.C. Marrow, "Seismic Monitoring of the North Sea", Global Seismology Research Group, British Geological Society, HSE, 1992

[stein-2] Bondevik, S.; Mangerud, J.; Dawson, S.; Dawson, A.; Lohne, Ø. Record-breaking Height for 8000-Year-Old Tsunami in the North Atlantic. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 5 August 2003, 84 (31): 289, 293. Bibcode:2003EOSTr..84..289B. doi:10.1029/2003EO310001  . hdl:1956/729.

[3] Bondevik, S; Lovholt, F; Harbitz, C; Stormo, S; Skjerdal, G. The Storegga Slide Tsunami – Deposits, Run-up Heights and Radiocarbon Dating of the 8000-Year-Old Tsunami in the North Atlantic. American Geophysical Union meeting. 2006. Bibcode:2006AGUFMOS34C..01B.

[4] Bondevik, S; Stormo, SK; Skjerdal, G. Green mosses date the Storegga tsunami to the chilliest decades of the 8.2 ka cold event. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2012, 45: 1–6. Bibcode:2012QSRv...45....1B. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.020.

[brooks-5] Brooks, Libby. Ancient tsunami could have wiped out Scottish cities today, study finds. The Guardian. 4 June 2021 [2024-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-05）.

[6] Bryony Coles, "Doggerland Project", University of Exeter Department of Archaeology. [2014-05-04]. （原始內容存檔於2015-08-17）.

[gaffney-7] Vincent Gaffney, "Global Warming and the Lost European Country". [2024-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-24）.

[8] Tony Robinson, "Britain's Stone Age Tsunami", Time Team specials, Channel 4 Television, 30 May 2013. [2024-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2009-06-26）.

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