維基百科

易卜拉欣·埃德恆帕夏

易卜拉欣·埃德恆帕夏(土耳其語：İbrahim Edhem Paşa，1819年—1893年),希臘裔奧斯曼帝國官員。他於阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世在位初期擔任過大維齊爾。除此之外，易卜拉欣還出任過外交部長（1856年）、駐柏林大使（1876年）及駐維也納大使（1879年至1882年）[1]。1883年至1885年，官居軍隊工程師、內政部長。1876至1877年間，曾作為奧斯曼帝國代表出席君士坦丁堡峰會。

易卜拉欣·埃德恆帕夏

生平

易卜拉欣出生於希臘希俄斯島[2][3][4]的一個東正教村落。父母都是希臘人。但關於其希臘裔背景的資料並不多。他本人是1822年希俄斯大屠殺的倖存者，幼年時父母遭土耳其人殺害，而他則被一位鄂圖曼士兵捕獲並被當作奴隸販賣至君士坦丁堡[5]。之後由科察·胡斯列夫·穆罕默德帕夏撫養成人。胡斯列夫老而無子，於是便從奴隸販手中收養了大約十個孩子。其子奧斯曼·哈姆迪貝伊稱，易卜拉欣來自斯卡拉瑪加斯家族。而他本人試圖抹去他與希臘民族的聯繫。[6]

在其養父及馬哈茂德二世的支持下，易卜拉欣前往法國國立巴黎高等礦業學校留學[7]，獲取文學學士學位且成績優異。

參考文獻

  1. ^ Shaw, Wendy M. K. Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. 2003: 97–98. ISBN 0-520-23335-2. Ibrahim Edhem. After studying metals engineering in Paris and Vienna Ibrahim Edhem returned to the Ottoman Empire, where he served in several official posts…He served as ambassador to Berlin in 1876 and to Vienna between 1879 and 1882. 
  2. ^ Gilman, Daniel Coit. The New International Encyclopaedia. Dodd, Mead and company. 1906: 644. OCLC 223290453. A Turkish soldier and statesman, born of Greek parents on the island of Chios. In 1831 he was taken to Paris, where he was educated in engineering 
  3. ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events. D. Appleton. 1878: 268. OCLC 184889012. EDHEM PASHA, the successor of Midhat Pasha as Grand Vizier, was born at Chio, of Greek parents, in 1823. He was saved, when a child, by Turkish soldiers 
  4. ^ Littell, Eliakim. The Living age. The Living Age Co. 1888: 614. OCLC 10173561. Edhem Pasha was a Greek by birth, pure and unadulterated, having when an infant been stolen from the island of Chios at the time of the great massacre there 
  5. ^ Shaw, Wendy M. K. Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. 2003: 2003. ISBN 0-520-23335-2. (Osman Hamdi)…His father, Ibrahim Edhem, was born in the Greek Orthodox village of Sakiz. After being captured as a prisoner of war during a village revolt, he was sold as a slave to the chief naval officer, Kaptan-I Derya Husrev Pasha, the head of the Ottoman Navy, who would also soon serve as vizier to the sultan. 
  6. ^ Edhem Eldem, "Greeks and the Greeks in Ottoman History and Turkish Historiography", The Historical Review (Institute for Neohellenic Research) 6:27 (2009) full text 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2017-04-12.
  7. ^ Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley. Russia and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century. BiblioBazaar. 2008: 204. ISBN 0-559-52708-X. Grand vizier Edhem Pasha…the grand vizier, who sent him to Paris, whence he returned a Bachelor of Arts, and one of the best pupils at the Ecole des Mines. 
官銜
前任：
米德哈特帕夏 		奧斯曼帝國大維齊爾
1877年2月5日－1878年1月11日 		繼任：
艾哈邁德·哈馬迪帕夏
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