狼嘴龍屬

狼嘴龍屬; 化石時期：早侏羅紀,197 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
	狼嘴龍下顎化石
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	蜥形綱 Sauropsida
總目：	恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目：	†鳥臀目 Ornithischia
科：	†畸齒龍科 Heterodontosauridae
屬：	†狼嘴龍屬 Lycorhinus; Haughton, 1924
模式種
	狹齒狼嘴龍; Lycorhinus augustidens; Haughton, 1924
異名
	羊毛龍 Lanasaurus; Gow, 1975;

狼嘴龍屬（學名：Lycorhinus）又名狼鼻龍或萊克龍，是鳥臀目畸齒龍科恐龍的一屬，化石發現於南非開普省的艾略特組（Elliot Formation）上層，地質年代屬於侏羅紀早期的赫唐階到錫內穆階。

正模標本（編號SAM 3606）是由M. Ricono博士所發現，化石包含了齒骨及上頜骨。在1924年，Sidney Haughton替這些化石命名為狹齒狼嘴龍（Lycorhinus augustidens）。屬名意為「狼的鼻端」，意指其外形類似狼；種名意為「狹隘的牙齒」。因為擁有類似犬齒的牙齒，最初被誤會屬於犬齒獸亞目，但牠們的下頜是由多塊骨頭組成，證明牠們是一種爬行動物^[1]。

過去有三個種被歸類於狼嘴龍，例如羅伯特·布魯姆（Robert Broom）命名的L. parvidens；而Richard A. Thulborn在1970年將塔克畸齒龍改歸類於狼嘴龍的一種^[2]，但這兩種並沒有被廣泛接受^[3]。Richard A. Thulborn在1974年命名的伴侶狼嘴龍（L. consors），在隔年被詹姆斯·霍普森（James Hopson）建立為醒龍屬^[4]。

在1975年命名的羊毛龍（Lanasaurus），是一個頜部骨頭^[5]，被認為是狼嘴龍的異名^[6]。牠們是小型的草食性恐龍，身長約1.2公尺，大小接近畸齒龍，並擁有長的犬齒。研究人員根據羊毛龍的特徵，間接發現狼鼻龍是畸齒龍的近親。在1962年，Alfred Walter Crompton提出牠們屬於鳥臀目恐龍。Richard A. Thulborn曾在1971年建立狼嘴龍科（Lycorhinidae）^[7]，彼得·加爾東（Peter Galton）提出狼嘴龍科的範圍與畸齒龍科相同。

羊毛龍

在1975年，Christopher Gow將發現於相同地層的化石，命名為鑿齒羊毛龍（Lanasaurus scalpridens）。屬名意為「羊毛蜥蜴」，是以古生物學家Alfred Walter Crompton的羊毛狀鬍鬚為名；種名在拉丁文意為「鑿子牙齒」。正模標本（編號BP/1/4244）包含：部份下頜骨頭、上頜骨，發現於自由邦省的艾略特組。每第三顆牙齒是新生長牙齒，呈現出牙齒會生長、替換的跡象^[8]。

Christopher Gow本人之後提出，羊毛龍的化石其實只是狼嘴龍的一個標本^[9]。目前包含大衛·諾曼（David Norman）在內的許多科學家，也認同兩者是相同動物^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]。

參考資料

^ S. H. Haughton. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum. 1924, 12: 323–497.
^ R.A. Thulborn, 1970, "The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 49: 235-245
^ Charig, A.J. and Crompton, A.W., 1974, "The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus", Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167-89
^ J.A. Hopson, 1975, "On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa", South African Journal of Science 71: 302-305
^ Gow, Christopher E. A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1975, 57: 335–339.
^ D. B. Norman, H.-D. Sues, L. M. Witmer and R. A. Coria. Basal Ornithopoda. D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmólska, and P. Dodson (eds.) (編). The Dinosauria 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004: 393–412.
^ R.A. Thulborn, 1971, "Origins and evolution of ornithischian dinosaurs", Nature 234(5324): 75-78
^ C.E. Gow, 1975, "A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 335-339
^ Gow, C.E., 1990, "A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)", Annals of the South African Museum 99: 367–380
^ Norman, D.B., Sues, H.D., Witmer, L.M. and Coria, R.A.. (2004). "Basal Ornithopoda". In D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmólska, and P. Dodson (eds.), The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley 393-412
^ Butler, Richard J.; Galton, Peter M.; Porro, Laura B.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Henderson, D. M.; and Erickson, Gregory M. Lower limits of ornithischian dinosaur body size inferred from a new Upper Jurassic heterodontosaurid from North America (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2010, 277 (1680): 375–381. PMC 2842649  . PMID 19846460. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1494.
^ Pol, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; and Becerra, M. A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids. Naturwissenschaften. 2011, 98 (5): 369–379. PMID 21452054. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0780-5. ^{[永久失效連結]}
^ Richard J. Butler, Jin Liyong, Chen Jun, Pascal Godefroit. The postcranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the small ornithischian dinosaur Changchunsaurus parvus from the Quantou Formation (Cretaceous: Aptian–Cenomanian) of Jilin Province, north-eastern China. Palaeontology. 2011, 54 (3): 667–683. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01046.x.

外部連結

Lycorhinus at DinoData （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Lycorhinus at Dinosauria.com

[sh1924-1] S. H. Haughton. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum. 1924, 12: 323–497.

[2] R.A. Thulborn, 1970, "The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 49: 235-245

[3] Charig, A.J. and Crompton, A.W., 1974, "The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus", Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167-89

[4] J.A. Hopson, 1975, "On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa", South African Journal of Science 71: 302-305

[gow1975-5] Gow, Christopher E. A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1975, 57: 335–339.

[dn2004-6] D. B. Norman, H.-D. Sues, L. M. Witmer and R. A. Coria. Basal Ornithopoda. D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmólska, and P. Dodson (eds.) (編). The Dinosauria 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004: 393–412.

[7] R.A. Thulborn, 1971, "Origins and evolution of ornithischian dinosaurs", Nature 234(5324): 75-78

[8] C.E. Gow, 1975, "A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 335-339

[9] Gow, C.E., 1990, "A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)", Annals of the South African Museum 99: 367–380

[Dinosauria-10] Norman, D.B., Sues, H.D., Witmer, L.M. and Coria, R.A.. (2004). "Basal Ornithopoda". In D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmólska, and P. Dodson (eds.), The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley 393-412

[RJBetal10-11] Butler, Richard J.; Galton, Peter M.; Porro, Laura B.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Henderson, D. M.; and Erickson, Gregory M. Lower limits of ornithischian dinosaur body size inferred from a new Upper Jurassic heterodontosaurid from North America (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2010, 277 (1680): 375–381. PMC 2842649  . PMID 19846460. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1494.

[PRB11-12] Pol, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; and Becerra, M. A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids. Naturwissenschaften. 2011, 98 (5): 369–379. PMID 21452054. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0780-5. ^{[永久失效連結]}

[ButlerEtAl-13] Richard J. Butler, Jin Liyong, Chen Jun, Pascal Godefroit. The postcranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the small ornithischian dinosaur Changchunsaurus parvus from the Quantou Formation (Cretaceous: Aptian–Cenomanian) of Jilin Province, north-eastern China. Palaeontology. 2011, 54 (3): 667–683. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01046.x.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]