甲癬
趾甲或指甲的真菌感染
甲癬(onychomycosis,tinea unguium)俗稱臭甲、灰指甲,泛指受到真菌感染的指甲,通常影響腳趾,但手指甲也有可能出現。兩成指甲病是由甲癬所引起。
甲癬 | |
---|---|
受甲癬感染的腳趾 | |
類型 | 真菌病、nail infection[*] |
病因 | 紅色毛癬菌、鬚髮癬菌[*]、斷髮癬菌[*]、絮狀表皮癬菌、犬小芽胞菌 |
分類和外部資源 | |
醫學專科 | 傳染病科、皮膚病學 |
ICD-11 | 1F28.1 |
ICD-10 | B35.1 |
ICD-9-CM | 110.1 |
DiseasesDB | 13125 |
MedlinePlus | 001330 |
eMedicine | derm/300 |
起因
病徵
甲癬的病徵有:趾甲變形、色變到灰褐色、暗黃色、趾甲變厚而難剪,但甲面變得很薄、很脆;有怪味,會痛。
它常易與單純的指甲畸形混淆[3],此外指甲銀屑病、扁平苔癬、接觸性皮炎、甲床腫瘤以及黃甲綜合症產生的症狀都可能與灰指甲有相似之處,為避免誤診需要實驗室檢查。[4]
治療
治療灰指甲的方法很多,灰指甲大部分是由真菌引起的,治療灰指甲的藥物都是能夠消滅指甲真菌的,目前所採用的主要藥物和方式是手術拔除指甲、內服藥物、外用藥物和中醫治療灰指甲。
參考文獻
- ^ Gupta AK, Konnikov N, MacDonald P, Rich P, Rodger NW, Edmonds MW, McManus R, Summerbell RC. Prevalence and epidemiology of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic subjects: A multicentre survey. The British Journal of Dermatology. 1998, 139 (4): 665–671. PMID 9892911. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02464.x.
- ^ Gupta AK, Lynde CW, Jain HC, Sibbald RG, Elewski BE, Daniel CR, Watteel GN, Summerbell RC. A higher prevalence of onychomycosis in psoriatics compared with non-psoriatics: A multicentre study. The British Journal of Dermatology. 1997, 136 (5): 786–789. PMID 9205520. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.6771624.x.
- ^ American Academy of Dermatology, Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question, Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation (American Academy of Dermatology), February 2013 [5 December 2013], (原始內容存檔於2015-04-10). Which cites:*Roberts DT, Taylor WD, Boyle J. Villa Nail Salon. The British Journal of Dermatology. 2003, 148 (3): 402–410 [2019-03-15]. PMID 12653730. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05242.x. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-08-10).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Westerberg DP, Voyack MJ. Onychomycosis: current trends in diagnosis and treatment.. American Family Physician. Dec 1, 2013, 88 (11): 762–70. PMID 24364524.