維基百科

柏金遜綜合症

「帕金森綜合症」重新導向至此。關於其他用法，請見「柏金遜氏症」。

柏金遜綜合症（Parkinsonism）是和運動機能相關的臨床綜合症，其特徵是顫抖、運動功能減退、僵硬（英語：Rigidity (neurology)）及平衡障礙[1][2]。在柏金遜氏症（PD）患者身上會有類似徵狀（此綜合症因此而得名），而路易氏體腦退化症（DLB）、柏金遜症性腦退化症（英語：Parkinson's disease dementia）（PDD）等疾病也會有此徵狀。這類綜合症的病因範圍很廣，包括神經退化障礙疾病、藥物、毒素、代謝疾病，或是柏金遜氏症以外的神經性疾病[3]。

柏金遜綜合症
Parkinsonism
病因
分類和外部資源
醫學專科神經學
ICD-118A00
ICD-10G21、​G22
DiseasesDB24212
MedlinePlus000759
Orphanet68402
[編輯此條目的維基數據]

病因

藥物引起

有柏金遜綜合症的人當中，約有7%是因為藥物的副作用而造成的，主要是因為抗精神病藥，特別是吩噻嗪（例如perphenazine及氯丙嗪）、噻噸（英語：thioxanthene）（例如三氟噻噸（英語：flupenthixol）及珠氯噻醇（英語：zuclopenthixol））及丁酰苯（例如氟哌啶醇），偶爾也有因為抗憂鬱藥物而造成。藥物引起柏金遜綜合症的盛行率會隨年齡而上昇。藥物引起的柏金遜綜合症一但出現，多半會維持原有的程度，不像柏金遜氏症會漸漸惡化[4]。

毒素

有發現殺蟲劑或除草劑暴露程度和柏金遜氏症之間的關聯性。若暴露在百草枯或錳乃浦（英語：Maneb）/鋅錳乃浦（英語：Mancozeb）下，風險是原來的兩倍[5]。

已證實慢性錳（Mn）暴露會造成類似柏金遜綜合症的疾病，其特徵是運動障礙，此徵狀無法用典型的柏金遜症治療方式（英語：Management of Parkinson's disease）來治療，因此推測除了典型黑質內多巴胺能損失外，包括有其他的致病途徑[6]。錳會在基底核內累積，因此造成運動障礙[7]有一種和SLC30A10基因（錳外流轉運蛋白，減少細胞內錳所必需的蛋白）有關的變異和這種類似柏金遜綜合症疾病有關[8]。在這疾病中看不到柏金遜氏症中典型的路易體（英語：Lewy body）[7]。

診斷

許多疾病會造成柏金遜綜合症。

神經退化障礙及柏金遜附加綜合症（英語：Parkinson plus syndrome）[9]
藥物引發（偽柏金遜綜合症）
感染
毒素
創傷
血管的
其他

原發性震顫

根據2018年的回顧性研究，還不確定柏金遜綜合症和原發性震顫（英語：essential tremor）是否有關[30]。

參考資料

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外部連結

取自 "https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=帕金森症候群&oldid=84198136"